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Clinical Microscopy > Urinalysis - Chemical Examination > Flashcards

Urinalysis - Chemical Examination Flashcards

1
Q

30s

A

Glucose

Bilirubin

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2
Q

40 s

A

Ketones

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3
Q

60s

A 
pH
Protein
Bacteria
Urobilinogen
Nitrite
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4
Q

120s

A

Leukocyte Esterase

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5
Q

Glucose

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:
Confirmatory:

A

Glucose

Principle: Double sequential enzymatic Reaction (Glucose Oxidase)

Reagents:
M - Potassium iodide
C - Tetramethylbenzidine

End Color: M - Brown; C - Green
Confirmatory Test: Clinitest

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6
Q

Bilirubin

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:
Confirmatory:

A

Bilirubin

Principle: Diazo Reaction

Reagents:
M - 2,4-DICHLOROoaniline diazonium salt
C - 2,4-DICHLORObenzene diazonium salt

End Color: Purple

Condirmatoryt: Ictotest

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7
Q

Ketones

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:
Tablet:

A

Ketones

Principle: Sodium Nitroprusside Reaction

Reagents: Sodium Nitroprusside

End Color: Purple

Tablet: Acetest

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8
Q

Specific Gravity

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:

A

Specific Gravity

Principle: pka change of Electrolyte
Reagents: 
M - BROMTHYMOL blue
C - BROMTHYMOL blue
End Color: Yellow
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9
Q

Proteins

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:

A

Proteins

Principle: Protein (sorenses) Indicator System
Reagents: Tetrabromphenol blue
End Color: Blue/Green

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10
Q

pH

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:

A

pH

Principle: Double Indicator System
Reagents: Methyl Red/Bromthymol Blue
End Color: Yellow/Blue

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11
Q

Blood

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:

A

Blood

Principle: Pseudoperoxidase activity of Hb

Reagents:
M - TETRAMETHYL benzidine
C - TETRAMETHYL benzidine

End Color: Blue

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12
Q

Urobilinogen

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:

A

Urobilinogen

Principle: Ehrlich Reaction
Reagents:
End Color: Red

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13
Q

Nitrite

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:

A

Nitrite

Principle: Greiss Reaction

Reagents:
M - QUINOLINE-3-ol
C - hydroxtetrahydrobenzoQUINOLINE

End Color: Pink

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14
Q

Leukocyte Esterase

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:

A

Leukocyte Esterase

Principle: Leukocyte Esterase
Reagents: Ester
End Color: Purple

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15
Q

Glucose Oxidase

A

Glucose

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16
Q

Diazo Reaction

A

Bilirubin

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17
Q

Sodium Nitroprusside

A

Ketones

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18
Q

pka change of electrolyte

A

Specific Gravity

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19
Q

Protein sorenses error of indicator

A

Protein

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20
Q

Double Indicator System

A

pH

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21
Q

Pseudoperoxidase of Hb

A

Blood

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22
Q

Ehrlich reaction

A

Urobilinogen

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23
Q

Griess Reaction

A

Nitrite

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24
Q

Leukocyte Esterase

A

Leukocyte

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25
Q

Dichloro - Dichloro

A

Bilirubin

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26
Q

Bromthymol - Bromthymol

A

Specific Gravity

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27
Q

Tetrabrom - Tetrabrom

A

Protein

28
Q

Tetramethyl - Tetramethyl

A

Blood

29
Q

Quinoline - quinoline

A

Nitrite

30
Q

Ester - ester

A

Leukocyte

31
Q

Reagent Pad End color - Purple

Mnemoics: BaKLa

A

Bilirubin
Ketones
Leukocyte

32
Q

In pH reagent pad determination, polyelectrolyte ionizes by _____________________ in proportion to the number of ions in the solution

A

Releasing H+ ion

33
Q

Normal Random Urine pH

A

4.5 - 8.0

34
Q

First Morning Urine pH

A

5.0 - 6.0

35
Q

Interpret:

First Urine reach the pH - 9

A

Invalid Test - Unpreserved Urine

36
Q

___________ should not reach the pH 9

A

Fresh Urine

37
Q

Important in crystal identification, and detecting unsatisfactory specimen

A

pH

38
Q

Normal Urine Protein

A

10 mg/dl or 100 mg/24hr

39
Q

Clinical Protenuria

A

30 mg/dL or 300 mg/L

40
Q

Presence of protein produces ________________ when shaken

A

White Foam

41
Q

Major Serum protein found in urine

A

Albumin

42
Q

A mucoprotein that forms the Matrix of all types of Casts

A

Tomm-Horsfall Proteins/Uromodulin

43
Q

Pre-Renal Proteinuria/Overflow Proteinuria

A

Intravascular Hemolysis - Hemoglobin
Muscle Injury - Myoglobin
Severe Infection/Inflammation - APRs

44
Q

Presence of Bence Jones Proteins in ____________

A

Multiple Myeloma

45
Q

Solubility characteristic of Bence Jones Proteins

Coagulates: ______________
Dissolves: _____________

A

Solubility characteristic of Bence Jones Proteins

Coagulates: 40C - 60C
Dissolves: 100C

46
Q

Renal Proteinuria

A

Glomerular Proteinuria
Microalbuminuria
Orthostatic Proteinuria
Tubular Proteinuria

47
Q

Proteinuria that results to Pre-eclampsia

A

Glomerular Proteinuria

48
Q

Glomerular proteinuria has impaired _____________

A

Impaired Selective Filtration

49
Q

Indicator of Diabetic Nepropathy

A

Microalbuminuria

50
Q

Microalbuminuria

A

21 - 200 ug/min

51
Q

Diabetic nephropathy is due to _______________ that leads to ____________.

A

Decreased Glomerular Filtration

Renal Failure

52
Q

Proteinuria when standing due to pressure to renal veins

A

Orthostatic Proteinuria

53
Q

Orthostatic Proteinuria is confirmed by using ____________

A

First morning Urine

54
Q

Orthostatic Proteinuria

1st morning: 
2 hrs (standing):
A

Orthostatic Proteinuria

1st morning: Negative
2 hrs: Postive

55
Q

Proteinuria affecting tubular reabsorption

A

Tubular Proteinuria

56
Q

Causes of Tubular Proteinuria

A

Fanconi Syndrome (major)
Heavy metals
Severe Viral infections

57
Q

Normal AER

A

0 - 20 ug/min

58
Q

Sulfosalicylic Acid Precipitation Test

Reagent:
Urine Volume:

A

Sulfosalicylic Acid Precipitation Test (SSA)

Reagent: 3 ml of 3% SSA
Urine Volume: 3 ml

59
Q

Sulfosalicylic Acid Precipitation Test
Grade 1+

Turbidity:
Protein Range:

A

Sulfosalicylic Acid Precipitation Test
Grade 1+

Turbidity: Distinct Turbidity
Protein Range: 50 mg/dL

60
Q

Hemoglobinuria

Urine:
Plasma:
Blondheims Test:

A

Hemoglobinuria

Urine: Clear Red
Plasma: Red Plasma
Blondheims Test: (-) Blood

61
Q

Myoglobinuria

Urine:
Plasma:
Blondheims Test:

A

Myoglobinuria

Urine: Clear Reddish Brown
Plasma: Yellow Plasma
Blondheims Test: (+) Blood

62
Q

Test in Urine to differentiate Hemoglobinuria and Myoglobinuria

A

Blondheim’s Test

63
Q

11th Reagent Pad

A

Ascorbic Acid

64
Q

Ascorbic Acid causes of False Negative reactions on:

Mnemonics: BBLeNG

A 
Blood
Bilirubin
Leukocytes
Nitrite
Glucose
65
Q

Handling and QC of Reagent Pad

  1. Packaged in an _________ container with _________.
  2. Stored at ______________ (___)
  3. NEVER _____ or ______
A

Handling and QC of Reagent Pad

  1. Packaged in an OPAQUE container with DESSICANT.
  2. Stored at ROOM TEMPERATURE (<30)
  3. NEVER FREEZE or REFRIGERATE

Clinical Microscopy (15 decks)

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