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Clinical Microscopy > Urinalysis - Chemical Examination > Flashcards

Urinalysis - Chemical Examination Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

30s

A

Glucose

Bilirubin

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2
Q

40 s

A

Ketones

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3
Q

60s

A 
pH
Protein
Bacteria
Urobilinogen
Nitrite
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4
Q

120s

A

Leukocyte Esterase

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5
Q

Glucose

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:
Confirmatory:

A

Glucose

Principle: Double sequential enzymatic Reaction (Glucose Oxidase)

Reagents:
M - Potassium iodide
C - Tetramethylbenzidine

End Color: M - Brown; C - Green
Confirmatory Test: Clinitest

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6
Q

Bilirubin

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:
Confirmatory:

A

Bilirubin

Principle: Diazo Reaction

Reagents:
M - 2,4-DICHLOROoaniline diazonium salt
C - 2,4-DICHLORObenzene diazonium salt

End Color: Purple

Condirmatoryt: Ictotest

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7
Q

Ketones

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:
Tablet:

A

Ketones

Principle: Sodium Nitroprusside Reaction

Reagents: Sodium Nitroprusside

End Color: Purple

Tablet: Acetest

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8
Q

Specific Gravity

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:

A

Specific Gravity

Principle: pka change of Electrolyte
Reagents: 
M - BROMTHYMOL blue
C - BROMTHYMOL blue
End Color: Yellow
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9
Q

Proteins

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:

A

Proteins

Principle: Protein (sorenses) Indicator System
Reagents: Tetrabromphenol blue
End Color: Blue/Green

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10
Q

pH

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:

A

pH

Principle: Double Indicator System
Reagents: Methyl Red/Bromthymol Blue
End Color: Yellow/Blue

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11
Q

Blood

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:

A

Blood

Principle: Pseudoperoxidase activity of Hb

Reagents:
M - TETRAMETHYL benzidine
C - TETRAMETHYL benzidine

End Color: Blue

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12
Q

Urobilinogen

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:

A

Urobilinogen

Principle: Ehrlich Reaction
Reagents:
End Color: Red

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13
Q

Nitrite

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:

A

Nitrite

Principle: Greiss Reaction

Reagents:
M - QUINOLINE-3-ol
C - hydroxtetrahydrobenzoQUINOLINE

End Color: Pink

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14
Q

Leukocyte Esterase

Principle:
Reagents:
End Color:

A

Leukocyte Esterase

Principle: Leukocyte Esterase
Reagents: Ester
End Color: Purple

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15
Q

Glucose Oxidase

A

Glucose

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16
Q

Diazo Reaction

A

Bilirubin

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17
Q

Sodium Nitroprusside

A

Ketones

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18
Q

pka change of electrolyte

A

Specific Gravity

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19
Q

Protein sorenses error of indicator

A

Protein

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20
Q

Double Indicator System

A

pH

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21
Q

Pseudoperoxidase of Hb

A

Blood

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22
Q

Ehrlich reaction

A

Urobilinogen

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23
Q

Griess Reaction

A

Nitrite

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24
Q

Leukocyte Esterase

A

Leukocyte

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25
Dichloro - Dichloro
Bilirubin
26
Bromthymol - Bromthymol
Specific Gravity
27
Tetrabrom - Tetrabrom
Protein
28
Tetramethyl - Tetramethyl
Blood
29
Quinoline - quinoline
Nitrite
30
Ester - ester
Leukocyte
31
Reagent Pad End color - Purple | Mnemoics: BaKLa
Bilirubin Ketones Leukocyte
32
In pH reagent pad determination, polyelectrolyte ionizes by _____________________ in proportion to the number of ions in the solution
Releasing H+ ion
33
Normal Random Urine pH
4.5 - 8.0
34
First Morning Urine pH
5.0 - 6.0
35
Interpret: | First Urine reach the pH - 9
Invalid Test - Unpreserved Urine
36
___________ should not reach the pH 9
Fresh Urine
37
Important in crystal identification, and detecting unsatisfactory specimen
pH
38
Normal Urine Protein
10 mg/dl or 100 mg/24hr
39
Clinical Protenuria
30 mg/dL or 300 mg/L
40
Presence of protein produces ________________ when shaken
White Foam
41
Major Serum protein found in urine
Albumin
42
A mucoprotein that forms the Matrix of all types of Casts
Tomm-Horsfall Proteins/Uromodulin
43
Pre-Renal Proteinuria/Overflow Proteinuria
Intravascular Hemolysis - Hemoglobin Muscle Injury - Myoglobin Severe Infection/Inflammation - APRs
44
Presence of Bence Jones Proteins in ____________
Multiple Myeloma
45
Solubility characteristic of Bence Jones Proteins Coagulates: ______________ Dissolves: _____________
Solubility characteristic of Bence Jones Proteins Coagulates: 40C - 60C Dissolves: 100C
46
Renal Proteinuria
Glomerular Proteinuria Microalbuminuria Orthostatic Proteinuria Tubular Proteinuria
47
Proteinuria that results to Pre-eclampsia
Glomerular Proteinuria
48
Glomerular proteinuria has impaired _____________
Impaired Selective Filtration
49
Indicator of Diabetic Nepropathy
Microalbuminuria
50
Microalbuminuria
21 - 200 ug/min
51
Diabetic nephropathy is due to _______________ that leads to ____________.
Decreased Glomerular Filtration | Renal Failure
52
Proteinuria when standing due to pressure to renal veins
Orthostatic Proteinuria
53
Orthostatic Proteinuria is confirmed by using ____________
First morning Urine
54
Orthostatic Proteinuria ``` 1st morning: 2 hrs (standing): ```
Orthostatic Proteinuria 1st morning: Negative 2 hrs: Postive
55
Proteinuria affecting tubular reabsorption
Tubular Proteinuria
56
Causes of Tubular Proteinuria
Fanconi Syndrome (major) Heavy metals Severe Viral infections
57
Normal AER
0 - 20 ug/min
58
Sulfosalicylic Acid Precipitation Test Reagent: Urine Volume:
Sulfosalicylic Acid Precipitation Test (SSA) Reagent: 3 ml of 3% SSA Urine Volume: 3 ml
59
Sulfosalicylic Acid Precipitation Test Grade 1+ Turbidity: Protein Range:
Sulfosalicylic Acid Precipitation Test Grade 1+ Turbidity: Distinct Turbidity Protein Range: 50 mg/dL
60
Hemoglobinuria Urine: Plasma: Blondheims Test:
Hemoglobinuria Urine: Clear Red Plasma: Red Plasma Blondheims Test: (-) Blood
61
Myoglobinuria Urine: Plasma: Blondheims Test:
Myoglobinuria Urine: Clear Reddish Brown Plasma: Yellow Plasma Blondheims Test: (+) Blood
62
Test in Urine to differentiate Hemoglobinuria and Myoglobinuria
Blondheim's Test
63
11th Reagent Pad
Ascorbic Acid
64
Ascorbic Acid causes of False Negative reactions on: | Mnemonics: BBLeNG
``` Blood Bilirubin Leukocytes Nitrite Glucose ```
65
Handling and QC of Reagent Pad 1. Packaged in an _________ container with _________. 2. Stored at ______________ (___) 3. NEVER _____ or ______
Handling and QC of Reagent Pad 1. Packaged in an OPAQUE container with DESSICANT. 2. Stored at ROOM TEMPERATURE (<30) 3. NEVER FREEZE or REFRIGERATE

Clinical Microscopy (15 decks)

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