Renal Diseases & Urine Metabolic Disorders

Question 1

Immune complex deposition in Glomerular

membrane sue to Group A streptococcal infection

Answer 1

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Question 2

Acute Glomerulonephritis - Findings

Answer 2

(+) ASO Titer

Dysmorphic RBCs, RBC cast

Question 3

Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis is the immune complex deposits in Glomerular membrane due to __________________

Answer 3

Systemic Immune Disorder

Question 4

IgA Nephropathy

Answer 4

Berger’s Disease

Question 5

Most common cause of glomerulonephritis

Answer 5

IgA Nephropathy

Question 6

Anti-Glomerular Basement membrane Antibody (AGBA) in GBM and alveolar basement membrane

Answer 6

Goodpasture Syndrome

Question 7

ANCA (Anti-Nuclear Cytoplasmic AutoAntibody) in vessel walls of lungs and glomerulus

Answer 7

Wegener’s granulomatosis

Question 8

Nephrotic Syndrome

Answer 8

Disruption of shield of negativity - podocyte barrier

Massive - Lipiduria, Proteinuria

Question 9

Nephrotic Syndrome- Findings

Answer 9

Fatty Casts
RTE Cells
Waxy Casts
Oval fat Bodies

Question 10

Minimal Change Disease is due to disruption of shield of negativity due to ________________________.

Answer 10

Allergic and Immune reactions

Question 11

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

Answer 11

Marked ↓ in renal function resulting to Renal Failure

Question 12

Chronic Glomerulonephritis - Findings

Answer 12

Waxy Casts

Azotemia

Question 13

Findings - Acute Tubular Necrosis

Answer 13

Odorless Urine
Bubble Cells
Granular Dirty Brown Cast (Methemoglobin)

Question 14

Defective Reabsorption in PCT

Answer 14

Fanconi Syndrome

Question 15

Fanconi Syndrome - Findings

Answer 15

Cystine Crystals

Glucosuria

Question 16

Interstitial Disorders

Lower UTI:
Upper UTI:

Answer 16

Interstitial Disorders

Lower UTI: Cystitis
Upper UTI: Pyelonephritis

Question 17

Acute Interstitial Nephritis - Findings

Answer 17

NO BACTERIA

EOSINOPHILURIA (>1%)

Question 18

Acute Interstitial Nephritis is from the __________________

Answer 18

Renal Interstitium Allergic inflammation

Question 19

Most well-known aminoaciduria

Answer 19

PKU

Question 20

PKU

Odor:
Defective Gene:

Answer 20

PKU

Odor: Mousy/Musty Odor
Defective Gene: Phenylalanine Hydroxylase

Question 21

Tests for PKU

FeCl Tube Test:
2,4 Dinitrophenylhydrazine:
Phenistix:
Guthrie Test:

Answer 21

Tests for PKU

FeCl Tube Test - Blue Green
2,4 Dinitrophenylhydrazine - Yellow
Phenistix - Green Gray
Guthrie Test - B. subtilis growth

Question 22

Tyrosinemia

Odor:
Defective Gene:
 Type I
 Type II
 Type III

Answer 22

Tyrosinemia

Odor: Rancid
Defective Gene
 Type I - FAA: Fumarylacetoacetate
 Type II - TAT: Tyrosineaminotransferase
 Type III - p-HP: p hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid oxidase

Question 23

MSUD

Odor:
Defective Gene:

Answer 23

MSUD

Odor: Caramelized sugar/ maple syrup/ curry urine odor
Defective Gene: a-ketoacid decarboxylase

Question 24

MSUD blocks the normal metabolism of the three branching enzyme:

Answer 24

Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine

Question 25

Alkaptonuria

Defective Gene:
Urine Color:

Answer 25

Alkaptonuria

Defective Gene: Homogentisic acid oxidase
Urine Color: Dark Urine @ ROOM TEMPERATURE

Question 26

Dark Urine at _________ is present in Melanuria

Answer 26

Air exposure

Question 27

Cystinuria is due to defect in reabsorption of:

Mnemonics: COLA

Answer 27

Cystine
Ornithine
Lysine
Arginine

Question 28

Sweaty Feet Urine Odor

Answer 28

Isovaleric & Glutaric Acidemia

Question 29

Disorder due to Defective gene for Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyl transferase

Answer 29

Lesch Nyan Syndrome

Question 30

Lesch Nyan Syndrome

Defective:
Inidcator:

Answer 30

Lesch Nyan Syndrome

Defective: Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyl transferase
Inidcator: Orange Sand Paper

Question 31

No Cast

Answer 31

Cystitis

Question 32

No Bacteria

Answer 32

Acute Interstitial Nephritis

Question 33

WBC Cast

Answer 33

Acute Pyelonephritis

Question 34

RBC Cast and Dysmorphic RBCs

Answer 34

Acute Glomerulonephritis