Fecalysis

Question 1

Normal Fecal Specimens

Answer 1

Bacteria
cellulose & other undigested foodstuff
GI secretions
Bile pigments cells
Electrolytes
Water

Question 2

Macroscopic Examination

Black:
Red:
Pale Yellow/White/Gray:

Answer 2

Macroscopic Examination

Black: Upper GIT
Red: Lower GIT
Pale Yellow/White/Gray: Bile duct obstruction/Barium sulfate

Question 3

Abnormally found in Stool

Answer 3

RBCs

Question 4

Appearance

Cholera 
Typhoid
Cystic Fibrosis (mucus)
Bile duct obstruction/steatorrhea
Intestinal constriction

Answer 4

Appearance

Cholera: Rice Watery
Typhoid: Pea soup
Cystic Fibrosis (mucus): Butter like
Bile duct obstruction/steatorrhea: Bulky or Frothy
Intestinal constriction: Ribbon like

Question 5

Increased fats in stool

Answer 5

Steatorrhea

Question 6

Steatorrhea

Answer 6

> 6g/day

Question 7

Diarrhea

Stool weight:
Frequency:

Answer 7

Diarrhea

Stool weight: > 200g/day
Frequency: >3x/day

Question 8

Abnormal excretion of muscle fibers in feces

Answer 8

Creatorrhea

Question 9

Qualitative Fat determination
Method - Detected - Reagent

Neutral fat: _____ - ____________
Split Fat Stain: FA - _________

Answer 9

Qualitative Fat determination
Method - Detected - Reagent

Neutral fat: TAGs - 95% ethanol
Split Fat Stain: FA - 36% acetic acid

Question 10

Positive for Fecal Fat determination (Quali)

Answer 10

> 60 Orange droplets/HPF

Question 11

Gold standard - Diagnosis of Steatorrhea

Answer 11

Van de Kamer Titration

Question 12

Van de Kamer Titration

Specimen: ______________

Answer 12

Van de Kamer Titration

Specimen: 3 days stool for 72/hrs

Question 13

Screening Test for Colorectal Cancer

Answer 13

FOBT

Question 14

FOBT

Principle:
Screening:
Significant:
Chromogen
 Sensitive:
 Preferred:

Answer 14

FOBT

Principle: Pseudoperoxidase of Hb
Screening: Colorectal cancer
Significant: >2.5 ml blood/150g stool
Chromogen
 Sensitive: Benzidine
 Preferred: Guaiac

Question 15

Test for Creatorrhea

Reagent:
Counted:

Answer 15

Test for Creatorrhea

Reagent: 10% Eosin
Counted: Undigested Fibers/HPF

Question 16

Trypsin Test (Gelatin Test)

Answer 16

Pancreatic Insufficiency - Cystic Fibrosis

Question 17

Trypsin Test (Gelatin Test)

Clearing:
No Clearing;

Answer 17

Trypsin Test (Gelatin Test)

Clearing: Normal
No Clearing: Pancreatic Insufficiency - Cystic Fibrosis

Question 18

Fecal Leukocytes/Neutrophils

Significant for Invasive Condition

Answer 18

3 Neut/HPF

Question 19

Test to differentiate Fetal and Maternal Blood

Answer 19

APT Downey Test

Question 20

APT Downey Test

Specimen:
Results
Pink solution - ___________
Yellow brown supernatant -__________

Answer 20

APT Downey Test

Specimen: Infant stool
Results
Pink solution - HbF (Fetal - alkali resistant)
Yellow brown supernatant - HbA (Maternal - denaturated by NaOH)

Question 21

In 1% NaOH

HbF - _________
HbA - _________

Answer 21

In 1% NaOH

HbF - Alkali Resistant
HbA - Denaturated

Question 22

Osmotic Diarrhea vs. Secretory Diarrhea

Mechanism:
Osmotic Gap:
Stool Na:
Stool Output:
pH:

Answer 22

Osmotic Diarrhea

Mechanism: Increase retention
Osmotic Gap: >50
Stool Na: <60
Stool Output: <200g
pH: < 5.3

Secretory Diarrhea

Mechanism: Increase secretion
Osmotic Gap: <50
Stool Na: >60
Stool Output: >200g
pH: > 5.6