Urgenital exam

Question 1

What is one difference between the female external anatomy of a cow and mare?

Answer 1

female cows have an escutcheon

Question 2

In a mare why is a curved abnormal vulvar conformation a problem?

Answer 2

-fecal contamination
-pooling of urine
-pneumovagina (wind sucking)

Question 3

Why is it easy for pooling of urine or fecal contamination to cause inflammation within the uterus of a mare?

Answer 3

because the cervix enters the vagina at a ventral position

Question 4

Is the prepuduce bigger in stallions or gelding?

Answer 4

stallions

Question 5

When obtaining a urine sample in bovine male why should you examine the hairs?

Answer 5

to see if any chrystals are present indicating infection

Question 6

Where should you rub a bovine female in order to obtain a urine?

Answer 6

escutechon

Question 7

Where is the escutcheon located?

Answer 7

from about four inches below the ventral tip of the vulva to right up under the ventral tip

Question 8

What is a noninvasive way to obtain a urine from equine?

Answer 8

put them in a clean stall

Question 9

If a horse is stretching out and looks like they are trying to pee but can’t what could be wrong?

Answer 9

blockage/UTI or colic

Question 10

True of False bovine urinate more than equine.

Answer 10

true

Question 11

Why is equine urine cloudy?

Answer 11

more mucous and calcium carbonate crystals (normal in horses)

Question 12

What is winking?

Answer 12

when a mare in heat pushes out their vulva mucosa and small amounts of urine come out

Question 13

What is the kidney shape of bovine?

Answer 13

lobated with no renal pelvis

Question 14

Which kidney is palpable by rectal palpation and why?

Answer 14

left kidney because it sits slightly more caudal and midline

Question 15

What takes up most of the left abdomen pushing the left kidney midline?

Answer 15

rumen

Question 16

What are the shapes of the right and left kidneys in equine?

Answer 16

right-heart
left-pyramidal

Question 17

Bovine testicles hang how?

Answer 17

vertically

Question 18

Where are a lot of sweat gland present?

Answer 18

bovine testicles

Question 19

Equine testicles hang how?

Answer 19

horizontally

Question 20

True or False: Bovine have thiner skin around their testicles then equine.

Answer 20

False, thicker

Question 21

Which species has what’s known as a fibroelastic penis?

Answer 21

Bovine only grows in length

Question 22

Why is the urethral process of the ram clinically significant?

Answer 22

can be a major issue for passing stones

Question 23

Which species has what’s known as a musculocavernous penis?

Answer 23

equine, grows in length and width

Question 24

Which species has a uterus with a short body and 2 horns, and a cervix with smooth muscle containing “stiff” interlocking folds?

Answer 24

bovine

Question 25

Which species has a uterus with a large body and 2 short horns, and a cervix with smooth muscle with mucosal folds?

Answer 25

equine

Question 26

What do female bovine have that make it harder to catheterize them?

Answer 26

sub-urethral diverticulum

Question 27

What is the difference between the cervix of a bovine vs an equine?

Answer 27

bovine- stiff “turkey neck”
equine- soft cannot palpate

Question 28

True or false: Bovine have a longer broad ligament therefore their uterus and ovaries hang lower versus a horse.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

True or false: Equine have longer uterine horns than bovine.

Answer 29

False, shorter

Question 30

Which species bovine or equine have larger ovaries that are plum to orange size?

Answer 30

equine

Question 31

What is the #1 reason for palpation in all horses?

Answer 31

investigate for colic

Question 32

What is the #1 reason for palpation in cows and brood mares?

Answer 32

determination of pregnancy

Question 33

What are potential risks of palpation?

Answer 33

rectal tears and hemorrhage

Question 34

What should you do during peritallic waves in cows versus horses?

Answer 34

cow- allow it to pass over
horses-must recede w/ wave

Question 35

True or false: vaginal palpations are a sterile procedure in equine but not cows.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

How long is gestation in a cow?

Answer 36

283 days: about 9 1/2 months

Question 37

What are the four cardinal signs of pregnancy by palpation?

Answer 37

membrane slip, amniotic vesicle, fetus, placentomes

Question 38

In equine how is a pregnancy diagnosis typically made?

Answer 38

rectal ultrasound

Question 39

What is the gestation length in equine?

Answer 39

335-360days: `11-12months