Neurobiology 5

Question 1

What are the specialized cells or terminals that detect a stimuli and send a chemical signal to the sensory neuron which results in an action potential?

Answer 1

sensory receptors

Question 2

What types of channels do sensory receptors typically contain in their plasma membranes?

Answer 2

ion channels

Question 3

True or false: each sensory receptor can respond to multiple types of stimulus?

Answer 3

False: each receptor can only respond to one type of stimulus

Question 4

Type of receptor activated by mechanical forces (touch, stretch, pressure, vibration, sound waves).

Answer 4

mechanoreceptors

Question 5

Type of receptor activated by light.

Answer 5

photoreceptors

Question 6

Type of receptor activated by potential/actual tissue damage.

Answer 6

nociceptors

Question 7

Type of receptors activated by binding of chemicals.

Answer 7

chemoreceptors

Question 8

Type of receptors activated by heat or cold.

Answer 8

thermoreceptor

Question 9

Which spinal cord segment has more white matter than grey matter?

Answer 9

cervical

Question 10

Which spinal cord segment has intermediolateral horns for sympathetic motor neurons?

Answer 10

thoracic

Question 11

Which spinal cord segment has more grey matter than white matter?

Answer 11

lumbar and sacral

Question 12

Sensory pathways are always located on which side of the spinal cord?

Answer 12

dorsal

Question 13

What is the function of the spinal cord?

Answer 13

The function of the spinal cord is to transmit sensory information from peripheral nerves to the brain, to
transmit motor information from the brain to the peripheral nerves, and to mediate unconscious
reflexes like the patellar reflex.

Question 14

As you move cranially in the spinal cord the amount of white matter ________.

Answer 14

increases

Question 15

The intermediolateral horn is located?

Answer 15

grey matter of thoracic and cranial spinal cord

Question 16

Where are sympathetic motor neuron cell bodies located?

Answer 16

intermediolateral horn

Question 17

What aspects of the spinal cord can help to determine which side is ventral versus dorsal?

Answer 17

ventral median fissure

Question 18

Part of the spinal cord composed entirely of sensory axons?

Answer 18

dorsal funiculi

Question 19

Part of the spinal cord which contains axons from both sensory and motor neurons?

Answer 19

lateral and ventral funiculi

Question 20

Which pathway carries information
about touch, position and vibration from sensory receptors in the skin, muscles and tendons?

Answer 20

dorsal somatosensory pathway

Question 21

Sensory neuron of the dorsal somatosensory pathways that detects the stimulus. The cell
body of this neuron is located in the dorsal root ganglion off of the dorsal spinal root near the spinal
cord. The axon of this neuron does not synapse immediately in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, but
instead ascends the cord in the dorsal funiculus, on the same side of the body as the stimulus. The first
synapse occurs in a nucleus in the medulla oblongata. T

Answer 21

first neuron

Question 22

Sensory neuron of the dorsal somatosensory pathway which has its cell body located in a nucleus in the medulla, its axon crosses the midline, and it synapses in the thalamus.

Answer 22

second neuron

Question 23

Sensory neuron of the dorsal somatosensory pathway which has its cell body in in the thalamus and sends its axon to the primary sensory cortex.

Answer 23

third neuron

Question 24

Which pathway conveys information about pain and temperature and follows a different route to the primary
sensory cortex?

Answer 24

lateral somatosensory pathway

Question 25

Sensory neuron of the lateral somatosensory pathway which has its cell body located in the dorsal root ganglion and synapses in the dorsal horn of spinal cord?

Answer 25

first neuron

Question 26

Sensory neuron of the lateral somatosensory pathway which has its cell body in the dorsal horn of spinal cord, axon crosses the midline, ascends in the lateral funiculus, and synapses in the thalamus?

Answer 26

second neruon

Question 27

Sensory neuron of the lateral somatosensory pathway which has its cell body in the thalamus and synapses in the sensory cortex?

Answer 27

third neuron

Question 28

What are the important anatomic landmarks important in describing major motor pathways located on the ventral surface of the medulla?

Answer 28

pyramids

Question 29

Which pyramidal tract innervates skeletal muscle in the distal limbs?

Answer 29

lateral corticospinal tracts

Question 30

Where does the axon of the upper motor neuron of the lateral corticospinal tract cross the midline?

Answer 30

ventral medulla

Question 31

Where do the motor neurons of the ventral and lateral corticospinal tract synapse?

Answer 31

ventral horn

Question 32

Which pyramidal tract innervates skeletal muscle in proximal limbs and trunk?

Answer 32

ventral corticospinal tract

Question 33

Where does the axon of the upper motor neuron of the ventral corticospinal tract cross the midline?

Answer 33

at the level of the second neuron

Question 34

Which tract controls postural reflexes, eye movements, head movements in response to sound or light, and regulates muscle tone?

Answer 34

extrapyramidal tract

Question 35

True of false: the axons of the extrapyramidal tacts do not travel in the pyramids of the medulla?

Answer 35

true

Question 36

What is the synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell is called?

Answer 36

neuromuscular junction

Question 37

An action potential in the motor neuron causes the release of which vesicle bound neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft between the two cells?

Answer 37

acetylcholine

Question 38

What type of receptor is found in the skeletal muscle cell membrane which acetylcholine binds to?

Answer 38

cholinergic receptor

Question 39

What are two higher level processes of the central nervous system?

Answer 39

consciousness and memory

Question 40

True or false: The functions of consciousness and memory are not confined to a single anatomic location in the brain, but rather are distributed throughout multiple CNS areas.

Answer 40

true

Question 41

What higher level process depends on the cerebral cortex and the reticular activating system?

Answer 41

consciousness

Question 42

What correlates to strengthening of synapses between neurons?

Answer 42

memory and learning