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Exam 2 > Thoracic Cavity Contents > Flashcards

Thoracic Cavity Contents Flashcards

1
Q

What are the contents of the thoracic cavity?

A

two pleural space and mediastinum

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2
Q

Where does the thoracic part of the esophagus run from?

A

dorsal mediastinum from thoracic inlet to esophageal hiatus

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3
Q

What is the difference between the tunica muscular of the esophagus in ruminants and dogs versus horses, pigs, and cats?

A

in horses, pigs, and cats it changes from skeletal m to smooth m caudal to the heart

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4
Q

What begins at the most dorsal visceral structure entering the thoracic cavity and attains a position ventral to the esophagus?

A

thoracic trachea

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5
Q

What is the place where the trachea terminates near the heart base, and divides into the two primary bronchi called?

A

tracheal bifurcation

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6
Q

What is the name for each cone shaped segmental bronchus and the tissue it supplies with air?

A

bronchopulmonary segment

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7
Q

Each lobular broncus divides into many _______ _______.

A

segmental bronchi

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8
Q

What is present in ruminants and pigs that arises cranial to the tracheal bifurcation and serves the right cranial lobe?

A

tracheal bronchus

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9
Q

What part of the lungs is directed cranially towards the thoracic inlet?

A

apex

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10
Q

What part of the lungs is directed caudally, concave and is the diaphragmatic surface?

A

base

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11
Q

What part of the lungs is based on the division of bronchi within the lung parenchyma?

A

lobes

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12
Q

What part of the lungs separates the lobes?

A

interloper fissures

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13
Q

What surrounds the caudal vena cava and right phrenic nerve?

A

accessory lobe

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14
Q

What are the four lobes of the right lung?

A

rt cranial lobe, middle lobe, rt caudal lobe, accessory lobe

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15
Q

What is the area on the medial surface where structures enter or exit the lung?

A

the hilus

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16
Q

What is the root of the lung?

A

All of the collected structures wrapped in pleura which pass into and out of the lung via the hilus

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17
Q

What is the condition when the lung rotates on its long axis with twisting of the bronchus and pulmonary vessels?

A

lung lobe torsion

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18
Q

Which lobe is the most prone to torsion?

A

right middle lobe due to its deep fissures and freedom of movement (mostly in deep chested dogs)

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19
Q

What is the only species which does not have division of the left cranial lobe?

A

horse

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20
Q

What species does not have a right middle lobe?

A

horse

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21
Q

What is the triangular space between the cranial and middle lobes of the rt lung where the heart is not overlaid by lung tissue?

A

cardiac notch

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22
Q

What is the window for needle puncture of the pericardium, heart, and auscultation or ultrasound exams?

A

cardiac notch

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23
Q

True or false: in all species there is a cardiac notch of both the lt and rt lungs?

A

true

24
Q

Aspirated material such as fluids or heavy solid particles tend to gravitate where?

A

right cranial and middle lobes

25
Q

Lighter air borne particles tend to be inhaled where?

A

accessory lobe

26
Q

What is the space that borders the triceps brachia caudally, epaxial muscles dorsally, and the olecranon to intercostal space caudoventrally?

A

auscultation triangle

27
Q

What vein originates in the abdomen and ends in the thorax?

A

azygous vein

28
Q

Which azygous vein runs along the right-dorsal surface of the aorta and drains into the cranial vena cava?

A

right azygos vein

29
Q

Which azygous vein is in rumminats only and where does it drain?

A

left azygos vein and drain in the coronary sinus

30
Q

What is meant by a lymph center?

A

it is a lymph node or group of lymph nodes that occur constantly in the same region of all species and drain similar regions

31
Q

which lymph center is represented by intercostal lnn?

A

dorsal thoracic LC

32
Q

Which lymph center is represented by sternal lnn?

A

ventral thoracic LC

33
Q

Which lymph center is represented by cranial mediastinal lnn in all species and caudal mediastinal lnn in ruminants?

A

mediastinal LC

34
Q

Which lymph center is represented by Lt, Rt, and middle tracheobronchial lnn?

A

bronchial LC

35
Q

In ruminants what is the structure that can become enlarged and press on the esophagus & dorsal vagal trunk causing difficulty with swallowing, digestion, and bloat?

A

caudal mediastinal lymph

36
Q

In city dogs why the are pulmonary and trachiobroncal lnn darker?

A

due to carbon particles from the lungs

37
Q

What interesting anatomical landmark does the longs coli arise from and where the thoracic duct deviates from right to left?

A

T6

38
Q

On lateral radiographs where does the carina show up as a circular dark spot?

A

T6

39
Q

What duct transports fat absorbed from the digestive tract to venous circulation, this material is known as chyle?

A

thoracic duct

40
Q

Which duct may be visible on the left lateral side of the esophagus cranial to the aortic arch and should be avoided in surgery?

A

thoracic duct

41
Q

When lymph vessels are cut why do they remain open for s long period of time, typically resulting in the need of medical and surgical intervention for a chylothorax?

A

lack of clotting factors in lymph

42
Q

What is the triple fibroserous sac enclosing the heart and the beginnings of the large blood vessels connected to it?

A

pericardium

43
Q

What is superficial to the fibrous pericardium?

A

mediastinal pleura

44
Q

The ride side of the heart lies more ______ then the left.

A

cranial

45
Q

Which groove of the heart marks the separation of the atria and ventricle?

A

coronary groove

46
Q

Which two grooves indicate the inter ventricular septum?

A

paraconal
subsinuosal

47
Q

Which groove of the heart is found only in ruminants?

A

intermediate groove

48
Q

What is the auricular surface of the heart?

A

left side

49
Q

What is the atrial surface of the heart?

A

right side

50
Q

Where can the cranial and caudal vena cave be seen entering?

A

Rt atrium

51
Q

What is a part of the base of the heart which receives blood from the great veins and has an ear-shaped part called an auricle?

A

right and left atria

52
Q

What pumps blood to the great arteries?

A

right and left ventricles

53
Q

What are the septa that divide the left and right halves of the heart?

A

interatrial septum and inter ventricular septum

54
Q

What are the semilunar valves between the ventricles and great arteries?

A

aortic and pulmonary valves

55
Q

What are the atrioventricular valves between the atria and ventricles?

A

tricuspid and mitral

56
Q

Which system involves blood flow between the heart and lungs?

A

pulmonary circulation

57
Q

Which system involves blood flow through all organ systems of the body?

A

systemic circulation

Exam 2 (11 decks)

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