Thoracic Cavity Contents

Question 1

What are the contents of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 1

two pleural space and mediastinum

Question 2

Where does the thoracic part of the esophagus run from?

Answer 2

dorsal mediastinum from thoracic inlet to esophageal hiatus

Question 3

What is the difference between the tunica muscular of the esophagus in ruminants and dogs versus horses, pigs, and cats?

Answer 3

in horses, pigs, and cats it changes from skeletal m to smooth m caudal to the heart

Question 4

What begins at the most dorsal visceral structure entering the thoracic cavity and attains a position ventral to the esophagus?

Answer 4

thoracic trachea

Question 5

What is the place where the trachea terminates near the heart base, and divides into the two primary bronchi called?

Answer 5

tracheal bifurcation

Question 6

What is the name for each cone shaped segmental bronchus and the tissue it supplies with air?

Answer 6

bronchopulmonary segment

Question 7

Each lobular broncus divides into many _______ _______.

Answer 7

segmental bronchi

Question 8

What is present in ruminants and pigs that arises cranial to the tracheal bifurcation and serves the right cranial lobe?

Answer 8

tracheal bronchus

Question 9

What part of the lungs is directed cranially towards the thoracic inlet?

Answer 9

apex

Question 10

What part of the lungs is directed caudally, concave and is the diaphragmatic surface?

Answer 10

base

Question 11

What part of the lungs is based on the division of bronchi within the lung parenchyma?

Answer 11

lobes

Question 12

What part of the lungs separates the lobes?

Answer 12

interloper fissures

Question 13

What surrounds the caudal vena cava and right phrenic nerve?

Answer 13

accessory lobe

Question 14

What are the four lobes of the right lung?

Answer 14

rt cranial lobe, middle lobe, rt caudal lobe, accessory lobe

Question 15

What is the area on the medial surface where structures enter or exit the lung?

Answer 15

the hilus

Question 16

What is the root of the lung?

Answer 16

All of the collected structures wrapped in pleura which pass into and out of the lung via the hilus

Question 17

What is the condition when the lung rotates on its long axis with twisting of the bronchus and pulmonary vessels?

Answer 17

lung lobe torsion

Question 18

Which lobe is the most prone to torsion?

Answer 18

right middle lobe due to its deep fissures and freedom of movement (mostly in deep chested dogs)

Question 19

What is the only species which does not have division of the left cranial lobe?

Answer 19

horse

Question 20

What species does not have a right middle lobe?

Answer 20

horse

Question 21

What is the triangular space between the cranial and middle lobes of the rt lung where the heart is not overlaid by lung tissue?

Answer 21

cardiac notch

Question 22

What is the window for needle puncture of the pericardium, heart, and auscultation or ultrasound exams?

Answer 22

cardiac notch

Question 23

True or false: in all species there is a cardiac notch of both the lt and rt lungs?

Answer 23

true

Question 24

Aspirated material such as fluids or heavy solid particles tend to gravitate where?

Answer 24

right cranial and middle lobes

Question 25

Lighter air borne particles tend to be inhaled where?

Answer 25

accessory lobe

Question 26

What is the space that borders the triceps brachia caudally, epaxial muscles dorsally, and the olecranon to intercostal space caudoventrally?

Answer 26

auscultation triangle

Question 27

What vein originates in the abdomen and ends in the thorax?

Answer 27

azygous vein

Question 28

Which azygous vein runs along the right-dorsal surface of the aorta and drains into the cranial vena cava?

Answer 28

right azygos vein

Question 29

Which azygous vein is in rumminats only and where does it drain?

Answer 29

left azygos vein and drain in the coronary sinus

Question 30

What is meant by a lymph center?

Answer 30

it is a lymph node or group of lymph nodes that occur constantly in the same region of all species and drain similar regions

Question 31

which lymph center is represented by intercostal lnn?

Answer 31

dorsal thoracic LC

Question 32

Which lymph center is represented by sternal lnn?

Answer 32

ventral thoracic LC

Question 33

Which lymph center is represented by cranial mediastinal lnn in all species and caudal mediastinal lnn in ruminants?

Answer 33

mediastinal LC

Question 34

Which lymph center is represented by Lt, Rt, and middle tracheobronchial lnn?

Answer 34

bronchial LC

Question 35

In ruminants what is the structure that can become enlarged and press on the esophagus & dorsal vagal trunk causing difficulty with swallowing, digestion, and bloat?

Answer 35

caudal mediastinal lymph

Question 36

In city dogs why the are pulmonary and trachiobroncal lnn darker?

Answer 36

due to carbon particles from the lungs

Question 37

What interesting anatomical landmark does the longs coli arise from and where the thoracic duct deviates from right to left?

Answer 37

T6

Question 38

On lateral radiographs where does the carina show up as a circular dark spot?

Answer 38

T6

Question 39

What duct transports fat absorbed from the digestive tract to venous circulation, this material is known as chyle?

Answer 39

thoracic duct

Question 40

Which duct may be visible on the left lateral side of the esophagus cranial to the aortic arch and should be avoided in surgery?

Answer 40

thoracic duct

Question 41

When lymph vessels are cut why do they remain open for s long period of time, typically resulting in the need of medical and surgical intervention for a chylothorax?

Answer 41

lack of clotting factors in lymph

Question 42

What is the triple fibroserous sac enclosing the heart and the beginnings of the large blood vessels connected to it?

Answer 42

pericardium

Question 43

What is superficial to the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 43

mediastinal pleura

Question 44

The ride side of the heart lies more ______ then the left.

Answer 44

cranial

Question 45

Which groove of the heart marks the separation of the atria and ventricle?

Answer 45

coronary groove

Question 46

Which two grooves indicate the inter ventricular septum?

Answer 46

paraconal subsinuosal

Question 47

Which groove of the heart is found only in ruminants?

Answer 47

intermediate groove

Question 48

What is the auricular surface of the heart?

Answer 48

left side

Question 49

What is the atrial surface of the heart?

Answer 49

right side

Question 50

Where can the cranial and caudal vena cave be seen entering?

Answer 50

Rt atrium

Question 51

What is a part of the base of the heart which receives blood from the great veins and has an ear-shaped part called an auricle?

Answer 51

right and left atria

Question 52

What pumps blood to the great arteries?

Answer 52

right and left ventricles

Question 53

What are the septa that divide the left and right halves of the heart?

Answer 53

interatrial septum and inter ventricular septum

Question 54

What are the semilunar valves between the ventricles and great arteries?

Answer 54

aortic and pulmonary valves

Question 55

What are the atrioventricular valves between the atria and ventricles?

Answer 55

tricuspid and mitral

Question 56

Which system involves blood flow between the heart and lungs?

Answer 56

pulmonary circulation

Question 57

Which system involves blood flow through all organ systems of the body?

Answer 57

systemic circulation