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Epaxial Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What group of muscles is located within the superficial fascia and moves the skin in response to flies or other annoying stimuli?

A

cutaneous muscles

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2
Q

What is the cutaneous muscle in dogs and pigs that spans from the nuchal area to angle of mouth?

A

platysma

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3
Q

What is the cutaneous muscle in ruminants and pigs that spans over the frontal bone?

A

frontalis M.

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4
Q

What is the cutaneous muscle that is well developed in the horse, that arises from the mandibrum, and is clinically significant for intravenous injections/withdrawal?

A

cutaneous Colli (small in ruminants)

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5
Q

What is the cutaneous muscle that is a continuation of the cutaneous Colli to the massetric region?

A

cutaneous faciei

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6
Q

What is the cutaneous muscle with clinical significance in small animals for the panniculus reflex?

A

cutaneous trunci

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7
Q

What is the cutaneous muscle which is a continuation of cutaneous trunk in the shoulder and arm?

A

cutaneous omobrachialis

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8
Q

What structure is found only in carnivores which covers the cutaneous trunk m. and allows a wet dog to move the skin on their trunk in order to dry themselves?

A

superficial fascia

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9
Q

What are the two types of fascia of the trunk?

A

superficial and deep

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10
Q

What is the term for the thoracic limb attaching to the body by extrinsic muscles only?

A

synsarcosis

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11
Q

What do primates and other climbing animals have?

A

clavicle

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12
Q

Which extrinsic muscle extends between the brachium and head crossing the shoulder jt and cervical intervertebral jts, it is also subcutaneous?

A

brachiocephalicus m.

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13
Q

What is the action of the brachiocephalicus m if weight bearing vs non-weight bearing?

A

weight-bearing-draw the head and neck laterally
non-weight bearing- advance the limb and extend the shoulder jt

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14
Q

What is the innervention of the brachiocehalicus m?

A

accessory n and cervical spinal nn

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15
Q

Which extrinsic muscle extends between the wing of the atlas and acromion?

A

omotransversarius m.

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16
Q

What is the action of the omotransversarius m if weight bearing vs non-weight bearing?

A

weight-bearing- flex the neck laterally
non-weight bearing-advance the limb

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17
Q

What is the innervention of the omotransversarius m?

A

accessory n and cervical spinal nn

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18
Q

Since the horse has no acromion what is the omotransversarius m fused with?

A

cleidocephalicus

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19
Q

Which extrinsic muscle extends between the dorsal midline and the spine of the scapula?

A

trapezius m. (cervical and thoracic parts)

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20
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius m.?

A

to elevate and abduct the limb
cervical-draws limb cranially
thoracic-draw limb caudally

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21
Q

What is the innervention of the trapezius m.?

A

accessory n

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22
Q

Which extrinsic muscle lies under the trapezius and extends from the dorsal midline of the neck and cranial thorax and inserts on the medial dorsal border of the scapula?

A

rhomboideus m. (cervical and thoracic parts)

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23
Q

What are the actions of the rhomboideus m?

A

to elevate the scapula and adduct the scapula against the body

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24
Q

What is the innervention of the rhomboideus m?

A

brachial plexus nn

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25
Which extrinsic muscle is very broad and spans from the thoracolumbar fascia to the teres major tuberosity of the humerus?
latissimus dorsi m
26
What are the actions of the latissimus dorsi m?
draw the limb caudally and flex the shoulder jt weight bearing- helps to propel body forward
27
What is the innervation of latissimus dorsi m?
thoracodorsal n
28
Which extrinsic muscle is fan-shaped, running from the transverse process of the cervical vertebrae and ribs of cranial half of thoracic to insert on the serrated face of the scapula?
serrates ventralis m (cervical and thoracic)
29
What are the actions of the serrates ventralis m?
supports the weight of the trunk
30
What are the innervations of the serrates ventralis m?
cervical- ventral cervical spinal nerves thoracic- long thoracic n
31
Which extrinsic muscle is mostly subcutaneous, and has two parts which run from the sternum to the humerus?
superficial pectoral (cranial and caudal parts)
32
What is the action of the superficial pectoral m?
addcution
33
What is the innervation of the superficial pectoral m?
brachial plexus
34
Which extrinsic muscle has its cranial part covered by the superficial pectoral, but is still mostly subcutaneous, and spans from the sternum to the humerus?
deep (ascending) pectoral m
35
What is the action of the deep pectoral m.?
adduction
36
What is the innervation of the deep pectoral m?
brachial plexus
37
What is the deep pectoral muscle that spans from the lateral cranial sternum to the fascia of the supraspinous m?
subclavius (absent in carnivores, small in ox, present in horse and goat)
38
What is the deepest layer of muscles ventral to the vertebrae and are the flexors of the vertebral column?
Hypaxial muscles
39
Which hypaxial muscle has a V apex in its cervical part which serves as a surgical landmark for a bloodless access point to the intervertebral space?
Longus colli m.
40
Which hypaxial muscle has successive V attachments from C1 to T6?
Longus colli m.
41
What is the innervation of the Longus colli m.?
ventral branches of cervical spinal nn
42
Which hypaxial muscle spans from the cervical transverse processes to the skull located ventral to transverse processes?
Longus capitis m.
43
Which muscles attach from throacolumber vertebrae to pelvis and femur, and flex the hip and lumbar vertebral column?
lumbar hypaxial mm
44
Which muscle group has 3 parallel longitudinal muscle systems on each side along the length of the vertebral column, these muscles function to extend the vertebral column and bend the trunk laterally?
epaxial muscles
45
Which epaxial system extends from the ilium to ribs(ends C7), is the most lateral, and has flat shiny tendons?
iliocostalis system
46
Which epaxial system is the longest and strongest, running between the ilium and wing of atlas?
longissimus system
47
Which epaxial system is the most medial, and attaches to bodies and DSP's of vertebrae?
transversospinalis system
48
What are two major muscles of the transversospinalis system?
multifidus and semispinalis capitis
49
What is the large triangular flat muscle on the neck which lies dorsolateral, is deep to the trapezius and rhomboideus but superficial to the semispinalis capitis?
splenius
50
What are the four nerves of the neck?
accessory n, phrenic n, vagosympathetic trunk, and ventral branches of cervical spinal nn
51
Which neck muscle has an origin of DSP T1 and inserts at the nuchal crest/ mastoid process?
splenius
52
What is the action of the splenius m?
extends/raises the head and neck and moves the head and neck laterally
53
What is the innervation of the splenius m?
cervical nn
54
Which neck muscle attaches from the mandibrum to the skull?
sternocephalicus m.
55
What is the action of the sternocephalicus?
flex the neck and draw the head and neck to the side
56
Which muscle is crossed by the external jugular vein?
sternocephalicus m.
57
What is the innervation of the sternocephalicus m.?
accessory n and cervical spinal nn
58
Which muscles lie directly on the ventral aspect of the trachea and function to pull the tongue and larynx caudally?
sternohyoideus
59
Which muscles attach from the mandibrim to the lateral surface of the larynx and function to pull the tongue and larynx caudally?
sternothyroideus
60
Which viscera runs along the cervical vertebrae and longus Colli m. extending from the larynx to the mid thorax?
trachea
61
Which viscera connects from the pharynx to the stomach and begins dorsal to the trachea then moves to the left?
esophagus
62
What is the fascial sheath that runs along the junction of the trachea and esophagus?
carotid sheath
63
What gland is located caudal to the larynx and lateral to the first few tracheal rings?
thyroid gland

Exam 2 (11 decks)

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