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Exam 2 > Epaxial Muscles > Flashcards

Epaxial Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What group of muscles is located within the superficial fascia and moves the skin in response to flies or other annoying stimuli?

A

cutaneous muscles

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2
Q

What is the cutaneous muscle in dogs and pigs that spans from the nuchal area to angle of mouth?

A

platysma

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3
Q

What is the cutaneous muscle in ruminants and pigs that spans over the frontal bone?

A

frontalis M.

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4
Q

What is the cutaneous muscle that is well developed in the horse, that arises from the mandibrum, and is clinically significant for intravenous injections/withdrawal?

A

cutaneous Colli (small in ruminants)

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5
Q

What is the cutaneous muscle that is a continuation of the cutaneous Colli to the massetric region?

A

cutaneous faciei

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6
Q

What is the cutaneous muscle with clinical significance in small animals for the panniculus reflex?

A

cutaneous trunci

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7
Q

What is the cutaneous muscle which is a continuation of cutaneous trunk in the shoulder and arm?

A

cutaneous omobrachialis

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8
Q

What structure is found only in carnivores which covers the cutaneous trunk m. and allows a wet dog to move the skin on their trunk in order to dry themselves?

A

superficial fascia

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9
Q

What are the two types of fascia of the trunk?

A

superficial and deep

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10
Q

What is the term for the thoracic limb attaching to the body by extrinsic muscles only?

A

synsarcosis

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11
Q

What do primates and other climbing animals have?

A

clavicle

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12
Q

Which extrinsic muscle extends between the brachium and head crossing the shoulder jt and cervical intervertebral jts, it is also subcutaneous?

A

brachiocephalicus m.

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13
Q

What is the action of the brachiocephalicus m if weight bearing vs non-weight bearing?

A

weight-bearing-draw the head and neck laterally
non-weight bearing- advance the limb and extend the shoulder jt

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14
Q

What is the innervention of the brachiocehalicus m?

A

accessory n and cervical spinal nn

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15
Q

Which extrinsic muscle extends between the wing of the atlas and acromion?

A

omotransversarius m.

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16
Q

What is the action of the omotransversarius m if weight bearing vs non-weight bearing?

A

weight-bearing- flex the neck laterally
non-weight bearing-advance the limb

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17
Q

What is the innervention of the omotransversarius m?

A

accessory n and cervical spinal nn

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18
Q

Since the horse has no acromion what is the omotransversarius m fused with?

A

cleidocephalicus

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19
Q

Which extrinsic muscle extends between the dorsal midline and the spine of the scapula?

A

trapezius m. (cervical and thoracic parts)

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20
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius m.?

A

to elevate and abduct the limb
cervical-draws limb cranially
thoracic-draw limb caudally

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21
Q

What is the innervention of the trapezius m.?

A

accessory n

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22
Q

Which extrinsic muscle lies under the trapezius and extends from the dorsal midline of the neck and cranial thorax and inserts on the medial dorsal border of the scapula?

A

rhomboideus m. (cervical and thoracic parts)

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23
Q

What are the actions of the rhomboideus m?

A

to elevate the scapula and adduct the scapula against the body

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24
Q

What is the innervention of the rhomboideus m?

A

brachial plexus nn

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25
Q

Which extrinsic muscle is very broad and spans from the thoracolumbar fascia to the teres major tuberosity of the humerus?

A

latissimus dorsi m

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26
Q

What are the actions of the latissimus dorsi m?

A

draw the limb caudally and flex the shoulder jt
weight bearing- helps to propel body forward

27
Q

What is the innervation of latissimus dorsi m?

A

thoracodorsal n

28
Q

Which extrinsic muscle is fan-shaped, running from the transverse process of the cervical vertebrae and ribs of cranial half of thoracic to insert on the serrated face of the scapula?

A

serrates ventralis m (cervical and thoracic)

29
Q

What are the actions of the serrates ventralis m?

A

supports the weight of the trunk

30
Q

What are the innervations of the serrates ventralis m?

A

cervical- ventral cervical spinal nerves
thoracic- long thoracic n

31
Q

Which extrinsic muscle is mostly subcutaneous, and has two parts which run from the sternum to the humerus?

A

superficial pectoral (cranial and caudal parts)

32
Q

What is the action of the superficial pectoral m?

A

addcution

33
Q

What is the innervation of the superficial pectoral m?

A

brachial plexus

34
Q

Which extrinsic muscle has its cranial part covered by the superficial pectoral, but is still mostly subcutaneous, and spans from the sternum to the humerus?

A

deep (ascending) pectoral m

35
Q

What is the action of the deep pectoral m.?

A

adduction

36
Q

What is the innervation of the deep pectoral m?

A

brachial plexus

37
Q

What is the deep pectoral muscle that spans from the lateral cranial sternum to the fascia of the supraspinous m?

A

subclavius (absent in carnivores, small in ox, present in horse and goat)

38
Q

What is the deepest layer of muscles ventral to the vertebrae and are the flexors of the vertebral column?

A

Hypaxial muscles

39
Q

Which hypaxial muscle has a V apex in its cervical part which serves as a surgical landmark for a bloodless access point to the intervertebral space?

A

Longus colli m.

40
Q

Which hypaxial muscle has successive V attachments from C1 to T6?

A

Longus colli m.

41
Q

What is the innervation of the Longus colli m.?

A

ventral branches of cervical spinal nn

42
Q

Which hypaxial muscle spans from the cervical transverse processes to the skull located ventral to transverse processes?

A

Longus capitis m.

43
Q

Which muscles attach from throacolumber vertebrae to pelvis and femur, and flex the hip and lumbar vertebral column?

A

lumbar hypaxial mm

44
Q

Which muscle group has 3 parallel longitudinal muscle systems on each side along the length of the vertebral column, these muscles function to extend the vertebral column and bend the trunk laterally?

A

epaxial muscles

45
Q

Which epaxial system extends from the ilium to ribs(ends C7), is the most lateral, and has flat shiny tendons?

A

iliocostalis system

46
Q

Which epaxial system is the longest and strongest, running between the ilium and wing of atlas?

A

longissimus system

47
Q

Which epaxial system is the most medial, and attaches to bodies and DSP’s of vertebrae?

A

transversospinalis system

48
Q

What are two major muscles of the transversospinalis system?

A

multifidus and semispinalis capitis

49
Q

What is the large triangular flat muscle on the neck which lies dorsolateral, is deep to the trapezius and rhomboideus but superficial to the semispinalis capitis?

A

splenius

50
Q

What are the four nerves of the neck?

A

accessory n, phrenic n, vagosympathetic trunk, and ventral branches of cervical spinal nn

51
Q

Which neck muscle has an origin of DSP T1 and inserts at the nuchal crest/ mastoid process?

A

splenius

52
Q

What is the action of the splenius m?

A

extends/raises the head and neck and moves the head and neck laterally

53
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius m?

A

cervical nn

54
Q

Which neck muscle attaches from the mandibrum to the skull?

A

sternocephalicus m.

55
Q

What is the action of the sternocephalicus?

A

flex the neck and draw the head and neck to the side

56
Q

Which muscle is crossed by the external jugular vein?

A

sternocephalicus m.

57
Q

What is the innervation of the sternocephalicus m.?

A

accessory n and cervical spinal nn

58
Q

Which muscles lie directly on the ventral aspect of the trachea and function to pull the tongue and larynx caudally?

A

sternohyoideus

59
Q

Which muscles attach from the mandibrim to the lateral surface of the larynx and function to pull the tongue and larynx caudally?

A

sternothyroideus

60
Q

Which viscera runs along the cervical vertebrae and longus Colli m. extending from the larynx to the mid thorax?

A

trachea

61
Q

Which viscera connects from the pharynx to the stomach and begins dorsal to the trachea then moves to the left?

A

esophagus

62
Q

What is the fascial sheath that runs along the junction of the trachea and esophagus?

A

carotid sheath

63
Q

What gland is located caudal to the larynx and lateral to the first few tracheal rings?

A

thyroid gland

Exam 2 (11 decks)

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