URETHRAS Flashcards

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1
Q

WHAT VALVES IN THE BLADDER ARE A PROTECTIVE FACTOR FOR UPPER UTIS

A

VESICOUTERIC VALVES

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2
Q

WHAT EPITHELIUM IS THE BLADDER LINED WITH

A

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

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3
Q

WHAT MAKES TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM IMPERMEABLE

A

VERY TIGHT JUNCTIONS BETWEEN THE CELLS SO THAT EVEN WITH STRETCH THEY ARE IMPERMEABLE

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4
Q

WHAT IS THE SMOOTH MM OF THE BLADDER REFERRED TO AS

A

DETRUSOR MM

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5
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE LAYERS OF MUSCULARIS IN THE BLADDER

A

INNER = LONGITUDINAL
MIDDLE = CIRCULAR
OUTER = LONGITUDINAL

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6
Q

WHAT IS THE ADVENTITIA OF THE BLADDER

A

VARIABLE AMOUNTS OF PERIVISCERAL FAT

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7
Q

WHERE IS TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM FOUND

A

URETERS, BLADDER, RENAL PELVIS

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8
Q

HOW DOES THE APPEARANCE OF TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM CHANGE WITH BLADDER DISTENSION

A

NORMAL = CUBOIDAL
DISTENDED = LOOKS STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS

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9
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO FUNCTIONS OF THE MALE URETHRA

A

URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE

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10
Q

WHAT STRUCTURES DOES THE MALE URETHRA PASS THROUGH

A

PROSTATE AND CORPUS SPONGIOSUM

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11
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 PARTS OF THE MALE URETHRA

A

PREPROSTATIS
POSTPROSTATIS
INTERMEDIATE
SPONGY

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12
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE FEMALE URETHRA

A

URINARY

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13
Q

In females MOST OF THE URTHRA IS EMBEDDED WITHIN THE

A

ANTERIOR VAGINAL WALL

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14
Q

IS THE URETHRA COLLAPSED WHEN NOT URINATING

A

YES

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15
Q

IS THE INTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER INVOLUNTARY OR VOLUNTARY

A

INVOLUNTARY

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16
Q

WHAT DIVISION OF THE NS KEEPS THE IUS CONTRACTED

A

SNS

17
Q

WHAT DIVISION OF THE NS RELAXES THE IUS

A

PNS

18
Q

IS CONTROL OF THE EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER INVOLUNTARY OR VOLUNTARY

A

VOLUNTARY

19
Q

WHAT INNERVATES THE EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER

A

PUDENDAL NERVE S2-4

20
Q

WHAT MM ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO URINARY CONTINENCE

A

LEVATOR ANI MM OF THE PELVIC FLOOR

21
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE EVENTS OF MICTURITION

A

CONTRACTION OF DETRUSOR MM, RELAXATION OF THE IUS, RELAXATION OF THE EUS

22
Q

IN INFANTS WHAT MEDIATES URINATION

A

SIMPLE SPINAL REFLEX (INVOLUNTARY)

23
Q

WHAT CIRCUTS FROM HIGHER BRAIN CENTRES MATURE ENOUGH TO OVERRIDE REFLEXIVE URINATION

A

DESCENDING CIRCUTS

24
Q

AT AGE 2-3, DESCENDING CIRCUTS MATURE TO ALLOW FOR

A

VOLUNTARY CONTROL TO OVERRIDE REFLEXIVE URINATION

25
Q

WHEN WE DONT WANT TO URINATE WHAT HAPPENS WITHIN THE NS

A

OVERRIDE THE SPINAL REFLEX WHERE THE PARASYMPATHETICS ARE DOWNREGULATED, SYMPATHETICS ARE UPREGULATED, AND THEN THERE IS INCREASED SOMATIC EFFERENT NERVE ACTION WICH ALLOWS US NOT TO URINATE

26
Q

A LOWER UTI IS ALSO REFERRED TO AS

A

URETHRITIS OR CYCTITIS

27
Q

WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL FEATURES OF A LOWER UTIS

A

ABRUPT ONSET OF URINARY FREQUENCY, PAIN WITH URINATION
ONCE IN BLADDER - SUPRAPUBIC PAIN, TENDERNESS, SENSATION THAT THE BLADDER IS NOT EMPTY
CLOUDY AND FOUL SMELLING URINE

28
Q

WHAT IS A CLINICAL FEATURE OF A LOWER UTI COMMON TO ELDERLY

A

CONFUSION

29
Q

WHAT BACTERIA IS MOST COMMONLY THE CAUSE OF A UTI

A

E. COLI

30
Q

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR A UTI

A

WOMEN (NO PROSTATIC SECRETIONS, HAV A SHORT URETHRA)
SEXUALLY ACTIVE (CONTACT WITH MALE E.COLI)
PREGNANT (CHANGE IN PH)
CHANGES IN BALANCE OF COMMENSAL ORGANISMS (OVERGROWTH OF BAD BACTERIA)
DIABETES (SUGARY WEE PERFECT FOR BACTERIA)
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (INABILITY TO FIGHT INFECTION)
RECENT ANTIBIOTICS (THROWN OUT COMMENSAL BACTERIA)