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biomedical science 8 case study > TYPE 1 DIABETES > Flashcards

TYPE 1 DIABETES Flashcards

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1
Q

what cells make up the pancreatic islets

A

alpha and beta cells

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2
Q

what is the function of an alpha cell in the pancreas

A

release glucagon to increase blood sugar

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3
Q

what does glucagon do

A

acts on the liver by converting stored glycogen into glucose to increase blood sugar in response to low blood sugar.

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4
Q

what do beta cells release

A

insulin

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5
Q

what does insulin do

A

incerase uptake of glucose by cells in the event of high blood sugar, eventually lowering it

it also asks the liver to store glucose and glycogen

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6
Q

what cells make up the pancreatic islets

A

alpha
beta
delta
pp

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7
Q

what is the normal level for fasted blood sugar

A

4.0-7.8 mmol/L

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8
Q

what is the aetiology of type 1 diabetes

A

an autoimmune disruption of beta cells.
or it is believed that a virus has impacted a genetically vulnerabe person that triggers an immune response that attacks the beta cells

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9
Q

what is the aetiology of type 2 diabetes

A

chronic inflammation from obesity
genetic predisposition

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10
Q

is glucagon an amino acid or steroid hormone

A

amino acid

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11
Q

what is the most common form of diabetes

A

primary diabetes

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12
Q

what is the definition of type 1 diabetes

A

absolute deficiency of insulin

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13
Q

what is the definition of type 2 diabetes

A

relative deficiency of insulin

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14
Q

what does relative deficiency of insulin mean

A

able to make insulin but your cells are resistant to it

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15
Q

what is secondary diabetes

A

caused by another pathology

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16
Q

what are the clinical features of type 1 diabetes

A

polyphagia
polyuria
polydipsia
glycosuria

17
Q

what are the acute complications of diabetes

A

hypoglycaemia
diabetic ketoacidosis - ph of blood lowers making it more acidic with too many ketones

18
Q

what are the chronic complications of diabetes

A

diabetic foot
diabetic neuropathy
diabetic vascular disease

19
Q

why are diabetics more susceptible to atherosclerosis

A

beacuse hypoglycaemia weakens the endothelial wall of vessels which triggers an immune response where the inflammatory cascade and recruitment of wbc cause more damage and weakness leading to atherosclerotic build up

20
Q

what causes diabetic neuropathy

A

occlusion of blood supply to nerves which causes demyelination

21
Q

what are the manifestations of diabetic neuropathy

A

peripheral sensory parasthesia in bilateral limbs
generalised mm wasting and weakness

22
Q

what is the pharmacological treatment for diabetes

A

exogenous insulin

23
Q

who can take exogenous insulin

A

type 1 and completely unresponsive to insulin t2

biomedical science 8 case study (18 decks)

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