Urbanisation Flashcards
Explain urbanisation
This growth in the size and number of cities is called Urbanisation.
Briefly explain the growth of Dublin from the vikings to the 18th centruy
Dublin began as a Viking settlement. Like many other Viking settlements,
Dublin was an ideal place at the mouth of a river. From here the Vikings could
trade.
The Normans occupied Dublin in 1169. They built stone walls around the city.
Dublin became a Medieval city with narrow streets. Poor sanitation caused
many deaths.
Dublin was extended and many new streets were added in a grid-iron pattern in the 16th to 18th centuries. Parks like St. Stephen’s Green were made and Georgian Houses were built.
Explain briefly how Dublin developed during the 19th century
After 1800 many of the wealthy people who lived in the Georgian houses left
Dublin.
Landlords bought these tenements and rented rooms to families.
Huge overcrowding in these buildings and poverty and disease were widespread.
The Dublin docklands became an important source of work.
Dublin became a distribution centre. Goods were distributed around Ireland along the canal/railway
Briefly explain how Dublin has expanded in the 20th century
Dublin grew rapidly in the 20th century. The inner city slums were cleared and people moved out to new suburbs like Ballyfermot, Crumlin, Finglas.
Newer suburbs were then developed around the villages of Clondalkin, Lucan
and Tallaght.
Name five zones often seen in a city
- CBD
- smaller shopping/residential areas
- A number of shopping centres
- Industrial areas
- Open space for recreation / leisure.
Explain CBD
Central business district
This is where the big banks, office buildings, and department stores are. These buildings are usually multi-storeyed buildings.
What is the function and point of having smaller shopping areas in a city
Allows for locals to do day to day shopping. These small areas allow people to access of all the services they need without having to go into the city centre.
Give an example of a small shopping area
Clondalkin
Give an example of a shopping centre in Dublin city
Blanchardstown Shopping Centre – Blanchardstown
Liffey Valley – Clondalkin/Lucan
Explain the varied land values in a city
Land values decrease as you move away fm the CBD. Buildings and land are extremely expensive in city centre so many multi-storey buildings are located here
Name a solution to traffic conjestion (extends time to commute to and from city centre)
The best way to solve the problem is by encouraging people to use public transport.
Construct ring roads or have one way traffic systems
Explain how buses decrese traffic conjestion and speed up commuters travel time
Buses can carry up to 80 people.
Take many cars off the roads each day.
They can get to the city centre much quicker than cars because they can use Quality Bus Corridors
There has been a big increase in the number of QBC’s in Dublin in recent years.
Name some urban problems in Dublin city
~ Zones of Decline ~ Urban sprawl ~ Unemployment ~ Crime ~ Community disruption ~ inadequate infrastructure
Explain why zones in decline is an urban problm
Many places in the city centre are derelict sites. There are many run down buildings. Young and intelligent people move to suburbs. These buildings may be occupied by homeless people and drug addicts.
Explain why unemployment is an urban problem and how it has incresed in recent years
In the past there were many jobs available in city centres in small factories, most of these factories have moved out to industrial estates in the suburbs. Most jobs in the city centre are now skilled jobs requiring university level education. Therefore many cannot find work in the city.. Unemployment leads to social problems
Explain how crime and drugs has become a big urban problem
Crime is a big problem in many
inner city areas. The highest crime figures in Ireland are in Dublin city centre which is due to
Unemployment
Inequalities between rich and poor
Drug related crime
No community spirit and lack of services
Why have cities grown over time
Economic activities-manufacturing/trade
Administrative activities- centres of government
Social activities- variety if leisure activities
Explain commuters
People who travel into the city for work from suburbs
Name three types of residential areas around a city
Old inner/multi storey/terrace houses
Redeveloped housing/ terrace city housing
New suburban dormitory towns
Why does industry locate in suburban industrial estates
Sheaper than city centre
Less traffic
Serviced sites
Easy planning permission
Name an industrial estate in dublin
Coolock industrial estate
Explain urban
A built up area
When does traffic conjestion due to commuters occur
Inbound:7-9 am
Outbound:4:30-6:30pm
Explain how community disruption is an urban peoblem
Moving inner city dwellers to suburbs led to distrust between two classes of people.
Breakdown of longstanding relationships which encourages bad behaviour
Explain urban sprawl
The spreading out of a city into the surrounding countryside
Explain conurbation
When cities join together because of urban sprawl
Explain urban renewal
The people of decaying areas are re housed while their own houses are being repaired or rebuilt. Then when they return to neighbourhood efforts are made to improve services and job opportunities
Explain urban redevelopment
Decayed ares are cleared and residents are rehoused in the suburbs or new towns. Inner city sites are the used for shops or apartments
Explain the Urban renweal and redevelopment of Tallaght in Dublin
Chosen as location for new town in 1960s
Now a residential, commercial and industrial area
Has many facilities such as hospital, Tallaght IT, library and industrial estates
Connected to city with luas
Continuously growing
Explain the renewal and redevelopment of Fatima mansions in dolphins barn
Located in south dublin
Faced challenges like derelict sites, drug crime, low education, high unemployment rate
Was renewed in 2005
Services were built up, such as providing an education.
Established a safe area
Explain urban decline
This is when inner city areas beside or around the Central Business District fall into decline. As the population of the inner city declines old houses fall into decay.
Give two effects of urban sprawl
Valuable agricultural land has been lost to housing developments. Ex. north Co. Dublin Rush/Lusk. This will lead to a reduction in food production in Ireland.
The sense of community in these towns and villages is lost as many people with no family connection to the local area swamp the population.
What is their traffic congestion in ireland
Many Irish roads were built a long time ago and come together close to the city centre. As lots of people try to get to the CBD blockages can occur frequently
Why are land values higher in the CBD
Roads converge in this area and therefore, this part of the city will have many customers, businesses want to set up here.
A second reason why land values are higher is because there is a shortage of land in this area and because of the high demand, people are willing to pay high prices for it.
What are the problems to do with urbanisation in the developing world
Sharper social and economic inequalities
Faster growth
Lack o infrastructure
greater degree of unplanned development
Explain the problem extreme social and economic inequalities developing in Kolkata which has a high population density
Kolkata has very sharp social inequalities. People in poorer districts work in trade and taxi drivers, also there is a lack of services provided for poor because they are contained within hotels for the rich. The CBD is dominated by wealthy people
Explain the problem of unplanned development in Kolkata
Most migrants who move to Kolkata from elsewhere cant afford housing and live in shanty towns
Develop slums around the outside of the city
Many shantytowns dwellers are squatting illegally
explain the problem of lack of basic services in Kolkata
a lack of: Sewage facilities Clean running water No garbage disposal lack of medical facilities no educational facilities infrastructure
