Earthquakes, Volcanos, Tsunamis

Question 0

Name the seven main plates

Answer 0

Indian plate
African plate
Australian plate
Eurasian plate
American plate
Nazca plate
Pacific plate

Question 1

How many main plates are there

Answer 1

Seven

Question 2

What sort of boundary is it if two plates pull apart

Answer 2

Constructive boundary

Question 3

What sort of boundary is it if two plates collide

Answer 3

Destructive boundary

Question 4

What sort of activity can take place at plate boundaries

Answer 4

Volcanic
Earthquakes
Mountain building

Question 5

Why do the plates move on the magma

Answer 5

The core heats up the magma in the mantle and this sets up convection currents

Question 6

What was the super continent called before continental drift

Answer 6

Pangea

Question 7

Where does volcanic activity take place

Answer 7

Most of the time it’s on plate boundaries

Question 8

What is a mid-ocean ridge

Answer 8

A chain of mountains underwater

Question 9

Give an example of a mid-ocean ridge

Answer 9

The mid Atlantic ridge and it’s about 16000km long

Question 10

How are mid ocean ridges formed

Answer 10

When two plates separate magma rises from the mantle through cracks or fissures of the crust between the two plates. When the magma reaches the water it cools and solidifies to form a new ocean floor. This happens over and over again to form a chain of mountains under the sea

Question 11

Give an example of a volcanic island

Answer 11

Iceland

Question 12

How are volcanic mountains formed

Answer 12

They are formed when magma form a hole in the crust called a vent as the magma is under so much pressure in the mantle most eruptions are violent.

Question 13

Where are volcanic mountains usually placed

Answer 13

On plate boundaries

Question 14

What erupts from a volcanic mountain

Answer 14

Magma,ash, has, rocks, steam and boiling mud

Question 15

What is an active volcano and give an example

Answer 15

A volcano that is still erupting at regular intervals

Ex: mount Etna, Mount St. Helens

Question 16

What is a dormant volcano and give an example

Answer 16

A volcano that hasn’t erupted in a few hundred years but may still erupt in the future
Ex: Mount St. Helens was a dormant volcano until it erupted in 1980
Or Mount Fuji is still active but has not erupted since 1707

Question 17

What is an extinct volcano and give an example

Answer 17

A volcano that hasn’t erupted in recorded times (thousands of years)
Ex: Slemish mountain co. Antrim

Question 18

Where are more than half of the worlds volcanos located

Answer 18

The pacific ring of fire

Question 19

What is an earthquake

Answer 19

A sudden trembling of the earths crust and this takes the form of a series of shocks and tremors

Question 20

What is the focus of an earthquake.

Answer 20

The point deep in the earths crust where the earthquakes begin

Question 21

What is the epicentre of an earthquake

Answer 21

The point directly above the focus on the surface. It’s the place where the tremors are the strongest

Question 22

What scale is used to describe the damag e or strength of an earthquake

Answer 22

The Richter scale

Question 23

What is the instrument used to measure the strength of an earthquake

Answer 23

Seismograph

Question 24

How much stronger is an earthquake each time it moves one number up on the Richter scale

Answer 24

x10

Question 25

How does a tsunami happen

Answer 25

When there is an earthquake under the sea a giant wave called a tsunami can occur

Question 26

How are fold mountains formed

Answer 26

They are formed when two plates collide the heavier plate is forced down into mantle. Continental plates rocks buckle in a series of folds. The rocks are forced upwards forming the mountain shape with anticlines and synclines

Question 27

Give an example of fold mountains and the plates that caused the rocks to buckle.

Answer 27

The Andes

Nazca and the South American plates

Question 28

Name some mountain ranges that were formed during the alpine folding period

Answer 28

The Andes
The Himalayas
The Rockies
The Alps

Question 29

What period of folding were the irish fold mountain ranges formed

Answer 29

Amorican period of folding

Question 30

Give ways to reduce the damage caused by earthquakes

Answer 30

Build earthquake resistant buildings in earthquake zones
Study past earthquake patterns and try to forecast when the next one might occur
Have fund set aside for repairs due to earthquakes to speed up recovery process
Organise evacuation process for town

Question 31

What damage does earthquakes cause

Answer 31

Bridges roads, rail are damaged- makes it difficult to get help into the earthquake region
Loss of life
Buildings often collapse or are destroyed

Question 32

When was the Caledonian period of folding and give an example

Answer 32

400m years ago

Blue stack mountains

Question 33

What occurs at conservative boundaries

Answer 33

Plates slide pass each other, earthquakes

Question 34

Explain continental drift

Answer 34

Movement of plates

Question 35

Give two positives of volcanoes

Answer 35

Soils made from lava are rich in minerals. Suitable for agriculture
Hot springs or geysers form, used to heat people home with geothermal energy

Question 36

Give two negatives of volcanoes

Answer 36

Lava burns everything in its path, loss of life

Poisonous gases, sulpher dioxide and can cause acid rain