Secondary Economic Activities

Question 1

Explain processes with examples

Answer 1

To change raw materials into semi finished or finished products we must process them 
Ex: shaving
Cutting
Glueing
Welding

Question 2

What are the location factors when building a factory

Answer 2

Resource materials
Markets
Transport
Labour
Services
Capital 
Government/EU policy
Preference of the business person or local community

Question 3

Explain resource materials as a location factor

Answer 3

You must build close to resource materials if they are bulky and heavy because they will be expensive to transport

Question 4

Explain markets as a location factor

Answer 4

You should set up close to where your market is and where you are going to sell

Question 5

Explain transport as a location factor

Answer 5

Close to a form of transport like train/airport/road

Question 6

Explain labour as a location factor

Answer 6

Labour is the workforce. Build close to workers some workers will be high skilled (ex. Intel) some will be low skilled

Question 7

Explain services as a location factor

Answer 7

Build close so you have an availability of services such as Internet, water, sewage treatment, telephone. Also security is important

Question 8

Explain capital as a location factor

Answer 8

Capital is the money needed to set up their factory . They may need help from the bank. If they build in a rural area it will cost less than in the centre of town

Question 9

Explain government or EU policy as a location factor

Answer 9

Governments do many things to encourage companies to set up in their country. They give grants to companies who set up. This us an insentive

Question 10

Explain preference of business person or local community as a location factor

Answer 10

Some people may set up a factory because it’s where they come from or to provide jobs . Some communities might not want the air/noise/visual pollution in their town

Question 11

Explain light industry

Answer 11

Products being made are small and light ex. Beauty products or electronic product.

Question 12

Explain heavy industry

Answer 12

The resource materials of the industry are made big and heavy. Ex. Iron and steel making

Question 13

What is aughinish alumina and where is it located and workers and staff

Answer 13

Aught isn’t alumina make alumina which is a fine white powder which us used to make aluminium. The alumina is exported to the uk and Scandinavia to make aluminium. It’s located in Limerick just outside the city Limerick on the Shannon estuary. It has about 500 employees working in the plant

Question 14

What does aughinish import

Answer 14

Bauxite

Question 15

What is Intel and where is it located and workers and staff

Answer 15

Intel came to Ireland and set up in le lip. They set up here just outside Dublin for the transport like roads and airport and for the universities as they require high skilled workers. Solid bedrock prevents vibrations to allow the manufacturing of processors.Intel make micro processors for PCs and laptops. They employ 4200 workers in Ireland

Question 16

Why did Intel come to Ireland

Answer 16

Because of:
Well educated workforce.
IDA gave €110 million to the development of the plant.
We speak English and this is the international business language
Good transports services
25% of their products are sold in the EU

Question 17

What are the benefits Intel brings to Ireland

Answer 17

Over 4200 workers on campus
In 2009 they contributed €1 million to educational programmes like science in school programme, young scientist and technology exhibition.
Equipment donations to schools and universities
Pays corporation tax to the government
Creates jobs (spin off employment )

Question 18

What is a footloose industry with examples

Answer 18

A companies who are not tied to one place they can set up in many different areas, they usually locate in industrial estate/business parks

Question 19

Explain what secondary economic activities involve

Answer 19

Secondary economic activity involves making things and manufacturing things from raw materials. This can be making these into a finished or semi finished product. They are a system in a factory with inputs, outputs and processes

Question 20

Where are light industries built in the Limerick industrial region by the Shannon

Answer 20

Shannon industrial estate and the national technology park. Ex: sell, Johnson and Johnson.

Question 21

Where are heavy industries built in the Limerick industrial region by the Shannon

Answer 21

Aughinish alumina is located on the Shannon estuary

Question 22

What might industrial location change over time

Answer 22

This can be because they have changed their production methods and need different services or infrastructure. Ex: in the past companies built close to coal because coal was a source of water.

Question 23

Explain about the British iron and steel industry

Answer 23

In the late 1700s Britain began to develop their iron and steel industry.

They had a lot of coal and iron ore, steel mills were built beside coal mines because coal was extremely heavy and hard to transport

Used steel to make railways/trains/weapons

Britain was the leading country in the industrial revolution.

Question 24

When did the coal industry peak and when did it start to decline

Answer 24

The coal mining industry peaked in 1913. There were lots of mines in Britain and over 230,000,000 tons of coal were mined. Mines started to close in the 60s and the availability of oil reduced demand for coal. There are less than 30 mines in Britain currently

Question 25

What were steel mills

Answer 25

Huge factories employing thousands of people. When they closed they ruined thousands of people’s lives

Question 26

Why do women now work outside the home. Why did this change

Answer 26

Everyone in Ireland had a free secondary education from the 60s so women had an equal chance of success and qualifications as men.

Gender equality laws give women an equal status to men in the workforce

The increase in the cost of living forces both parents to work and pay bills, car etc.

Question 27

Name three groups of industrial development

Answer 27

Industrialised regions
Newly industrialised regions
Industrially emergent regions

Question 28

Explain industrialised regions

Answer 28

Industry is good and developed

These countries industirlised in the 18th/19th centuries during the industrial revolution. Ex. USA, Japan, West Europe

Question 29

Explain newly industrialised region

Answer 29

In these countries there is is a lot of cheap factory le about. Lots of MNCs and they tend to manufacture toys, clothes, shoes, electronics
Ex. Chains, South Korea, Mexico

Question 30

Explain industrially emergent regions

Answer 30

These countries have very little manufacturing taking place.

They are mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as some parts of Asia and South America.

However, companies are always looking to cut their costs and so Africa is becoming more attractive to companies.

Over the next few years as the pay increases in the Asian countries more companies will set up in cheap countries. Ex. Africa

Question 31

How is acid rain formed

Answer 31

Acid rain is formed when sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are released into the atmosphere from cars and factories.

The gases combine with the water vapour in the atmosphere and fall as acid rain.

Question 32

When is acid rain mostly formed and how does it spread

Answer 32

Most of the acid rain that falls in Europe is from Germany or Sweden
Acid rain can form in one region, but can be blown by the wind to another region.

Question 33

What problems can acid rain cause

Answer 33

• It washes nutrients from the soil. This causes trees to die. It also stops crops from growing meaning farmers have to use more fertilizer.
• It wipes out fish stocks in lakes as fish cannot reproduce if the water in the lake is too acidic.
• It affects the water quality which can be bad for our health.
• It damages old buildings by wearing away the rock.

Question 34

What can we do to help the problem of acid rain

Answer 34

•We have to reduce the amount of pollution going into the atmosphere. We need to do the following things.

• Use our cars less. Drive slower on the motorway. Use bicycles or public transport to travel to work.
• Use more renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power.
• Use natural gas instead of coal in power stations because it is a cleaner fuel.
• Use filters on coal and oil power stations to reduce sulphur dioxide emissions.
• Build more nuclear power stations. (Although these cause other environmental problems).

Question 35

Explain incinerators

Answer 35

Incinerators are factories that burn waste

Question 36

Why is there a controversy other incinerators

Answer 36

• Incinerators have caused huge controversy in Ireland over the past few years.
• Everywhere they are built local people protest against them.
• This is because some scientists believe the fumes coming from the incinerators are carcinogenic.
• However the companies running them state that they pose no risk to human health.