Urban Environments ch3

Question 1

urban heat island effect

Question 2

contested land

Question 3

urban deprivation

Question 4

characteristics of urban microclimates

Answer 4

structure of air above urban area and structure of urban surface affect climate of an urban area, resultant processes that affect climate are radiation and sunshine, clouds and fogs, temps, pressure and winds, humidity, and precipitation

Question 5

urban heat island effect

Answer 5

When city centers are generally much hotter than other suburban and rural areas, caused by human activity, energy disbalanced, air flow, more pollution, less open waters, and the atmosphere

Question 6

air pollution patterns

Answer 6

LICs have less money to invest in air pollution problems which can be very dangerous to people, also exist in largely populated areas (major source of pollution is motor vehicles), industrial development increases pollution rates, countries favor cheap industrialization and energy sources, roads in poor state decreases cars well being and creates more pollution

Question 7

pollution management strategies

Answer 7

hybrid or electric cars, public transportation, carpooling, catalytic converters, and overall it’s cheaper to reduce emissions then it is to clean them up later, with urban trees and green spaces with reduce effects of urban heat island, noise levels, and clean the air, trees lower air temperatures, street trees provide the best cooling potentials, green roofs, and light materials for buildings and infrastructure

Question 8

traffic congestion patterns, trends, and impacts

Answer 8

traffic depends on time of day, day of the week, weather and season, more traffic conjugation on weekdays during beginning and ending work hours, school events increase traffic, noise from cars make people want to move and cause higher blood pressure, diseases, and hurt to ears

Question 9

urban crime: causes & management

Answer 9

majority of criminal activity in most urbanized and poorest areas and neighborhoods, sexual offenses are more common with open spaces and limited police presence, crime is worse when daytime population is higher than resident population, crime hot spot: where crime is higher, managing urban crime with more policing, security cameras, improved street lighting, reducing dark areas or alleys, zero tolerance policy of crime

Question 10

Case study: air pollution in Mexico City

Question 11

Case study: urban heat in Portland

Question 12

Case study: urban heat in Signapore