Geography of Food and Health ch1 Flashcards
Measuring Food & Health
Global Food Security Index
Based on indicators that measure food security in high, middle, and low income countries and looks beyond hunger. Components of food security are affordability, availability, and quality of food.
disease burden
the impact of a health problem on a given population, measured using a variety of indicators such as mortality, morbidity or financial costs
Global Hunger Index
measurement 0-100 on countries based on their hunger, and measured with undernourishment, child wasting, child stunting, and child mortality
chronic hunger
consequence of diets inadequate in quality/quantity
periodic hunger
hunger that may reoccur at intervals of time
undernourishment
the proportion of the population with insufficient caloric intake
child wasting
low weight (for children under the age of 5 ) for their height, reflecting acute short-term under nutrition
child stunning
children under 5 who suffer from stunting, which is low height for their age, reflecting chronic undernutrition
child mortality
death rates in children under 5 (which partially reflects the fatal synergy of inadequate nutrition and unhealthy environments)
calorie intake
the amount of food (calories) a person consumes
health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
average number of years an individual is expected to life in a healthy state
child mortality rate
probability per 1,000 births that a child will die before reaching 5 years (%)
infant mortality rate
number of deaths in infants under 1 per 1,000 live births (%)
maternal mortality rate
annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause with pregnancy and management
epidemic
a contagious (or communicable) disease spread though a community but normally contained
degenerative disease
disease that gradually worsen someone (cancer, stroke) that aren’t contagious
infectious disease
diseases spread through parasites
what are the components of Food security
affordability, availability, and quality of food
indicators of malnutrition
poor nourishment and refers to a diet lacking or having too many of certain nutrients (types of mal incl deficiency, kwashiorkor, marasmus, obesity, starvation, temporary, and famine
what is the nutrition transition
Worldwide nutrition transition where people are shifting towards more affluent (wealthy) food consumption patterns common in HICs
explain HALE
HALE is the average number of years an individual is expected to life in a healthy state with age and sex specific data and mortality rate. It’s important because it can be used to measure burden of disease and injury in the population, risk factors, and performance of public health efforts and identifies the quality and quantity of someone’s average life.
explain access to sanitation and Health services
Diseases of poverty include epidemics where diseases are spread easily because of lack of access to health care services and sanitation; can be seen in epidemiological transition as access to sanitation and health services increase
what is the epidemiological transition
The epidemiological transition is the shift from contagious diseases (epidemics) to diseases that gradually worsen someone (degenerative diseases), which can be seen as LICs develop into HICs and rather than dealing with sanitation and health care issues they face epidemic diseases.
what is the global burden of disease
Study that looked at 240 disease types, found that life expectancy increased from 65.3 years to 71.5 years, while the number of deaths increased from 47.5 million to 54.9 million. Found general pattern of reductions in age-sex specific mortality was associated with shift towards larger share of remaining deaths from non-communicable deaths/injuries
