Urban Environments ch2 Flashcards
Changing Urban Systems
urbanization
Increase of people living in urban areas
push factors
are negatives features of a place (push people away)
pull factors
positive features that exist at another place
brownfield sites
abandoned buildings or land
suburbanization
Outward expansion of towns and cities from improvement of transport systems
counter-urbanization
Movement of population away from larger urban areas to smaller urban areas, new towns, new estates, commuter towns or villages on edge of big cities
urban sprawl
Uncontrolled growth of urban areas at their edges mean that they grow without control or monitoring
deindustrialization
long term absolute decline in employment in the manufacturing sectors of an economy
disinvestment
the withdrawal or reduction of an investment
outflow
a large amount of money, liquid, or people that moves or is transferred out of a place
urbanization processes
gentrification
Reinvestment of capital into inner-city areas; Basically improvement of residential areas or redevelopment of brownfield sites (abandoned buildings or land) into commercial
suburbanization processes
Rising wages and living standards, housing now available because of Lower costs of living
Low interest rates
Expansion of building societies
Authorities providing utilities
Improved public transport
counter-urbanization processes
Move to smaller areas because of
High land prices
Congestion
Pollution
High crime rates
Lack of community
Declining services
causes and consequences of urban deindustrialization
Positive deindustrialization when industries reduce their workforce for productivity and makes the industry more competitive, Negative deindustrialization when industries decline without compensating rise in productivity, from exhaustion of resources, increasing cost of raw materials, automation and new technology, introduction of rival product, fall in demand, overseas competition from NICs, rise in costs
