Changing Populations ch2 Flashcards
Changing Populations and Places
demographic transition
changes in the size and structure of the population, caused by changes in birth and death rates, as well as migration
natural increase
calculated by subtracting crude death rates from crude birth rate (%), natural decrease is when death rates exceeds birth rate
doubling time
number of years needed for a population to double in size, by dividing 70 (years) by natural increase
population momentum
tendency for a population to grow despite a fall in birth rate or fertility levels, happens because of lots of people in pre-child bearing years bc population will then continue too grow soon
population projections
predictions about future population based on trends in fertility, mortality and migration
total fertility rate
average number of births per thousand women of child-bearing age, in general highest fertility rates among LICs
forced migration
involuntary or coerced movement of a person or people away from their home or home region
demographic transition model
refers to the historical shift from high birth rates and high death rates in societies with minimal technology, education (especially of women) and economic development, to low birth rates and low death rates in societies with advanced technology
factors impacting death, birth, and fertility rates
social structure, religious beliefs, economic prosperity and urbanization within each country are likely to affect birth rates as well as abortion rates, Developed countries tend to have a lower fertility rate due to lifestyle choices associated with economic affluence where mortality rates are low
life expectancy
average number of years a person can be expected to live
age/sex pyramids
population structure or composition refers to any measurable characteristics
dependency ratios
measures working population and dependent population
consequences of megacity growth
significant challenges in accomodating people. homelessles, squatting and slum areas are all common place
causes and consequences of forced migration
conflict-induced displacement people forced to move due to armed conflict like civil war, violence persecution, development induced displacement, people forced to move away as result of large sale infrastructure projects, disaster induced displacement, natural disasters resulting in large numbers
Case study: megacity growth - Mumbai
