Urban Environments ch1

Question 1

what is a site?

Answer 1

the actual land on which a settlement is built

Question 2

what is a settlement?

Answer 2

where people establish community

Question 3

situation

Answer 3

the location of a place based on its relation to other places

Question 4

range

Answer 4

maximum distance people are prepared to travel for a good or service

Question 5

threshold

Answer 5

minimum number of people required for a good/service to stay in business

Question 6

low-order goods

Answer 6

necessity goods or convenience goods bought frequently (bread, newspapers)

Question 7

high-order goods

Answer 7

luxury goods bought infrequently (watches, cars)

Question 8

sphere of influence

Answer 8

area served by a settlement, also called a hinterland

Question 9

conurbation

Answer 9

2 or more cities merge

Question 10

millionaire city

Answer 10

least a million inhabitants

Question 11

megacity

Answer 11

at least 10 million

Question 12

metacity

Answer 12

large city scale region, where cities merge in same area

Question 13

megalopolis

Answer 13

cities sprawl and merge into each other but are less connected

Question 14

bid rent

Answer 14

Land at the center of a city is more expensive bc It is – or was the most accessible land for public transport and only small amount available, closer to everything

Question 15

central shopping area

Answer 15

specialist shops, department stores, chain stores, malls

Question 16

superstore

Answer 16

large outlets close to residential areas with >2500 square meters

Question 17

retail park

Answer 17

a shopping development situated outside a town or city, typically containing a number of large chain stores.

Question 18

positive segregation

Answer 18

whereby the ethnic group gains advantages by being located in one place.

Question 19

negative segregation

Answer 19

where certain groups are excluded from particular areas. This might be because of either cost or redlining which is an illegal process whereby people and authorities prevent particular groups from locating in an area.

Question 20

edge city

Answer 20

concentration of business, shopping, and entertainment outside a traditional downtown or central business district, in what had previously been a suburban residential or rural area.

Question 21

dual economy

Answer 21

existence of two separate economic sectors within one country, divided by different levels of development, technology, and different patterns of demand (ex, agriculture and machinery)

Question 22

bazaar economy

Answer 22

an ecosystem that brings together multiple local practices into global operation

Question 23

street zoning

Question 24

vertical zoning

Answer 24

retail on ground floor, offices and apartments on higher floors

Question 25

desirable factors for settlement

Answer 25

water, flooding, level ground, timber, sunny slopes, quality soil (agriculture) and pasture (livestock), potential for trade and commerce

Question 26

function and land use

Answer 26

residential, industrial, service, open spaces, recreation, transportation

Question 27

hierarchy of settlements

Answer 27

dispersed individual households, hamlets (smaller than villages, limited services), towns, cities

Question 28

urban growth and economic development

Answer 28

they correlate, don’t know what cause each other, key functions of urban places in economic development: commercial, industrial, political, administrative, social. Urban growth is an increase in the urbanized land cover

Question 29

commercial/retail land use patterns

Answer 29

department stores, malls, sometimes close to residential areas and sometimes in the city center

Question 30

characteristics of CBD

Answer 30

central business district, commercial economic part of city, heart of city with public transport, cluster of similar type of business

Question 31

industrial land use patterns

Answer 31

inner city areas close to railways, brownfield suburban site, sites away from residential locations

Question 32

residential land use patterns

Answer 32

wealthier live near rivers or canals, in poorer countries poor people live close to rivers bc of flooding, in HICs higher altitude means wealth and good view, in LICs poorer people live higher up due to risk of mass movements and steepness, can’t grow anything

Question 33

urban deprivation

Answer 33

high rates of unemployment, insuffient housing and shelter, crowded transportation systems, air/water/noise pollution, deteriorating infrastructure, shortfalls in service delivery, increased social problems, general deterioration of perceived quality of life

Question 34

Case study: land use in NYC

Answer 34

notes

Question 35

urban places chatacterization

Answer 35

population, specific features, predominant economic activities, administrative function