Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Flashcards
1
Q
What is the typical history associated with upper respiratory infection (URI)?
A
- Runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, and sneezing
- Possible mild fever and body aches
- History of exposure to individuals with similar symptoms
2
Q
What are the key physical examination findings in upper respiratory infection (URI)?
A
- Red and swollen nasal mucosa
- Pharyngeal erythema
- Clear or mucoid nasal discharge
3
Q
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing upper respiratory infection (URI)?
A
- Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam
- Throat swab if streptococcal pharyngitis is suspected
- Consideration of rapid influenza test during flu season
4
Q
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for upper respiratory infection (URI)?
A
- Adequate hydration and rest
- Use of a humidifier to ease congestion
- Saline nasal sprays or rinses
5
Q
What are the pharmacological management options for upper respiratory infection (URI)?
A
- Over-the-counter decongestants and antihistamines
- Analgesics and antipyretics (e.g., acetaminophen, ibuprofen) for fever and pain
- Cough suppressants if needed
6
Q
What are the red flags to look for in upper respiratory infection (URI) patients?
A
- High fever or symptoms persisting beyond 10 days
- Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
- Severe headache or facial pain suggesting sinusitis
7
Q
When should a patient with upper respiratory infection (URI) be referred to a specialist?
A
- Refractory or severe symptoms not responding to initial treatment
- Suspected complications such as sinusitis or otitis media
- Need for specialized diagnostic evaluation
8
Q
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to upper respiratory infection (URI)?
A
- Viral infection of the upper respiratory tract
- Most commonly caused by rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and adenoviruses
- Leads to inflammation and increased mucus production
