Croup Flashcards
1
Q
What is the typical history associated with croup?
A
- Barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor
- Symptoms often worse at night
- History of recent upper respiratory infection
2
Q
What are the key physical examination findings in croup?
A
- Inspiratory stridor and barking cough
- Mild to moderate respiratory distress
- Low-grade fever
3
Q
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing croup?
A
- Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam
- Neck X-ray may show “steeple sign” (subglottic narrowing)
- Pulse oximetry to assess oxygen saturation
4
Q
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for croup?
A
- Humidified air or steam inhalation
- Keeping the child calm to reduce agitation
- Ensuring adequate hydration
5
Q
What are the pharmacological management options for croup?
A
- Dexamethasone for reducing inflammation
- Nebulized epinephrine for severe cases
- Antipyretics for fever management
6
Q
What are the red flags to look for in croup patients?
A
- Severe respiratory distress or stridor at rest
- Cyanosis or decreased level of consciousness
- Poor response to initial treatment
7
Q
When should a patient with croup be referred to a specialist?
A
- Refractory croup not responding to standard treatment
- Consideration for hospitalization if severe symptoms persist
- Need for advanced airway management
8
Q
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to croup?
A
- Viral infection causing inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
- Most commonly caused by parainfluenza virus
- Leads to airway narrowing and characteristic barking cough and stridor
