Influenza

Question 1

What is the typical history associated with influenza?

Answer 1

• Sudden onset of fever, chills, and muscle aches
• Cough, sore throat, and nasal congestion
• History of exposure to infected individuals during flu season

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in influenza?

Answer 2

• Fever, tachycardia, and pharyngitis
• Possible wheezing or crackles on lung auscultation
• Generalized muscle tenderness

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing influenza?

Answer 3

• Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam
• Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) for confirmation
• RT-PCR for definitive diagnosis if needed

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for influenza?

Answer 4

• Adequate hydration and rest
• Use of a humidifier to ease respiratory symptoms
• Isolation to prevent spread of infection

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for influenza?

Answer 5

• Antiviral medications (e.g., oseltamivir, zanamivir) if started within 48 hours of symptom onset
• Analgesics and antipyretics (e.g., acetaminophen, ibuprofen) for symptom relief
• Cough suppressants if needed

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in influenza patients?

Answer 6

• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Chest pain or persistent pressure
• Confusion or severe weakness

Question 7

When should a patient with influenza be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

• Severe influenza requiring hospitalization
• Complications such as pneumonia or exacerbation of chronic medical conditions
• High-risk individuals needing specialized care

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to influenza?

Answer 8

• Influenza virus infects the respiratory tract
• Causes inflammation and damage to respiratory epithelial cells
• Leads to symptoms such as fever, cough, and muscle aches