Bronchitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the typical history associated with bronchitis?

A
  • Persistent cough, often productive of sputum
  • History of recent upper respiratory infection
  • Possible low-grade fever and chest discomfort
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2
Q

What are the key physical examination findings in bronchitis?

A
  • Rhonchi and wheezing on auscultation
  • Possible decreased breath sounds
  • Normal lung examination in between episodes
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3
Q

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing bronchitis?

A
  • Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam
  • Chest X-ray if pneumonia or other complications are suspected
  • Sputum culture if bacterial infection is suspected
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4
Q

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for bronchitis?

A
  • Adequate hydration and rest
  • Use of a humidifier to ease coughing
  • Avoidance of smoking and other respiratory irritants
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5
Q

What are the pharmacological management options for bronchitis?

A
  • Cough suppressants and expectorants for symptom relief
  • Bronchodilators for wheezing
  • Antibiotics if bacterial infection is confirmed or strongly suspected
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6
Q

What are the red flags to look for in bronchitis patients?

A
  • High fever or symptoms persisting beyond two weeks
  • Hemoptysis or significant shortness of breath
  • Signs of pneumonia: increased respiratory rate, hypoxia, rales
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7
Q

When should a patient with bronchitis be referred to a specialist?

A
  • Refractory or severe bronchitis not responding to initial treatment
  • Suspected underlying chronic lung disease (e.g., COPD)
  • Need for further diagnostic evaluation or specialist care
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8
Q

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to bronchitis?

A
  • Inflammation of the bronchial tubes
  • Typically caused by viral infections
  • Leads to increased mucus production and persistent cough
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