Bronchitis Flashcards
1
Q
What is the typical history associated with bronchitis?
A
- Persistent cough, often productive of sputum
- History of recent upper respiratory infection
- Possible low-grade fever and chest discomfort
2
Q
What are the key physical examination findings in bronchitis?
A
- Rhonchi and wheezing on auscultation
- Possible decreased breath sounds
- Normal lung examination in between episodes
3
Q
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing bronchitis?
A
- Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam
- Chest X-ray if pneumonia or other complications are suspected
- Sputum culture if bacterial infection is suspected
4
Q
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for bronchitis?
A
- Adequate hydration and rest
- Use of a humidifier to ease coughing
- Avoidance of smoking and other respiratory irritants
5
Q
What are the pharmacological management options for bronchitis?
A
- Cough suppressants and expectorants for symptom relief
- Bronchodilators for wheezing
- Antibiotics if bacterial infection is confirmed or strongly suspected
6
Q
What are the red flags to look for in bronchitis patients?
A
- High fever or symptoms persisting beyond two weeks
- Hemoptysis or significant shortness of breath
- Signs of pneumonia: increased respiratory rate, hypoxia, rales
7
Q
When should a patient with bronchitis be referred to a specialist?
A
- Refractory or severe bronchitis not responding to initial treatment
- Suspected underlying chronic lung disease (e.g., COPD)
- Need for further diagnostic evaluation or specialist care
8
Q
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to bronchitis?
A
- Inflammation of the bronchial tubes
- Typically caused by viral infections
- Leads to increased mucus production and persistent cough