Bronchitis

Question 1

What is the typical history associated with bronchitis?

Answer 1

• Persistent cough, often productive of sputum
• History of recent upper respiratory infection
• Possible low-grade fever and chest discomfort

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in bronchitis?

Answer 2

• Rhonchi and wheezing on auscultation
• Possible decreased breath sounds
• Normal lung examination in between episodes

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing bronchitis?

Answer 3

• Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam
• Chest X-ray if pneumonia or other complications are suspected
• Sputum culture if bacterial infection is suspected

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for bronchitis?

Answer 4

• Adequate hydration and rest
• Use of a humidifier to ease coughing
• Avoidance of smoking and other respiratory irritants

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for bronchitis?

Answer 5

• Cough suppressants and expectorants for symptom relief
• Bronchodilators for wheezing
• Antibiotics if bacterial infection is confirmed or strongly suspected

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in bronchitis patients?

Answer 6

• High fever or symptoms persisting beyond two weeks
• Hemoptysis or significant shortness of breath
• Signs of pneumonia: increased respiratory rate, hypoxia, rales

Question 7

When should a patient with bronchitis be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

• Refractory or severe bronchitis not responding to initial treatment
• Suspected underlying chronic lung disease (e.g., COPD)
• Need for further diagnostic evaluation or specialist care

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to bronchitis?

Answer 8

• Inflammation of the bronchial tubes
• Typically caused by viral infections
• Leads to increased mucus production and persistent cough