Bronchiolitis

Question 1

What is the typical history associated with bronchiolitis?

Answer 1

• Common in infants and young children
• History of upper respiratory symptoms (e.g., runny nose, cough)
• Progression to wheezing, difficulty breathing, and feeding difficulties

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in bronchiolitis?

Answer 2

• Tachypnea and increased work of breathing (retractions, nasal flaring)
• Wheezing and crackles on auscultation
• Possible cyanosis in severe cases

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing bronchiolitis?

Answer 3

• Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam
• Pulse oximetry to assess oxygen saturation
• Nasal swab for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) if needed

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for bronchiolitis?

Answer 4

• Adequate hydration and rest
• Use of a humidifier to ease breathing
• Small, frequent feedings to maintain nutrition

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for bronchiolitis?

Answer 5

• Oxygen therapy for hypoxia
• Nebulized hypertonic saline for symptom relief
• Bronchodilators and corticosteroids typically not effective

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in bronchiolitis patients?

Answer 6

• Apnea or significant respiratory distress
• Inability to maintain hydration or feeding
• Cyanosis or persistent hypoxia despite oxygen therapy

Question 7

When should a patient with bronchiolitis be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

• Severe or complicated bronchiolitis requiring hospitalization
• Consideration for mechanical ventilation in critical cases
• Need for specialized pediatric respiratory care

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to bronchiolitis?

Answer 8

• Viral infection causing inflammation of the small airways (bronchioles)
• Most commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
• Leads to airway obstruction, wheezing, and respiratory distress