Epiglottitis

Question 1

What is the typical history associated with epiglottitis?

Answer 1

• Rapid onset of sore throat, fever, and difficulty swallowing
• History of drooling and voice changes (muffled or hoarse)
• Possible history of recent upper respiratory infection

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in epiglottitis?

Answer 2

• Stridor and respiratory distress
• Tripod position to ease breathing
• Red and swollen epiglottis visible on laryngoscopy

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing epiglottitis?

Answer 3

• Clinical diagnosis based on history and physical exam
• Lateral neck X-ray showing “thumbprint sign”
• Blood cultures and epiglottal swabs for microbiological diagnosis

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for epiglottitis?

Answer 4

• Keep the patient calm and avoid agitation
• Maintain airway patency with oxygen therapy
• Prepare for possible intubation or tracheostomy

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for epiglottitis?

Answer 5

• Empiric intravenous antibiotics (e.g., ceftriaxone, ampicillin-sulbactam)
• Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
• Antipyretics for fever management

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in epiglottitis patients?

Answer 6

• Severe respiratory distress or stridor
• Rapidly worsening symptoms
• Inability to swallow or drooling

Question 7

When should a patient with epiglottitis be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

• Refractory epiglottitis not responding to initial treatment
• Need for advanced airway management
• Complicated cases requiring specialized ENT or critical care

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to epiglottitis?

Answer 8

• Bacterial infection leading to inflammation of the epiglottis
• Commonly caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
• Can lead to life-threatening airway obstruction if untreated