Upper respiratory tract anatomy Part 1; nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses Flashcards
what are the 3 regions found in the nasal cavities
- nasal vestibules
- olfactory regions
- respiratory regions
upper respiratory tract
what 5 things form the anatomy of the upper respiratory tract
think:
- n
- p
- p
- l
- m
- nose and nasal cavities
- paranasal air sinuses
- pharynx
- larynx
- middle ear
what do the choanae open up into
nasopharynx
what cartilage and 2 bones make up the medial walls of the nasal cavities and where are they located anatomically
cartilage:
- septal cartilage
- located anteriorly
bones:
- ethmoid bone
- vomer bone
- located posteriorly
where does the cribriform plates sit and what do they do?
- sit in the olfactory region
- allow for small perforations for the olfactory nerves (CN I)
what do conchae create, what are they called and where are they contained
think:
- air channels
the conchae:
- cochae create 4 air channels below themselves
- called meatuses
- contained within respiratory regions of the nasal cavity
function of the chonchae or the turbinates
what is the function of the conchae and meatuses?
to increase the surface area of contact between tissues of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and the respired air
what 3 things do the conchae and meatuses improve for inspired air?
- f
- h
- h
- filtration
- heating
- humidification
nasal polyps (abnormalities)
what does swelling and inflammation of the respiratory epithelium due to recurrent attacks of rhinitis result in?
results in formation of polyps
abnormalities: deviated nasal septum
what 4 things can deviated nasal septum lead to
- s
- s
- d
- s
- sinus infections
- snoring
- difficulty breathing
- sleep apnoea
paranasal air sinuses
waht are the 4 types of paranasal air sinuses
- frontal
- ethomoidal
- sphenoidal
- maxillary
what type of respiratory epithelium do the paranasal sinuses have and what does this unfortunately favour?
- ciliated mucous secreting respiratory epithelium
- favours spread of infection
what is the 3 functions of the paranasal sinuses
- lighten weight of head
- humidify and heat inhaled air
- increase the resonance of speech
blood supply to nasal cavities and air sinuses
what 3 places does the blood supply for the nasal cavities and air sinuses come from and where does these come from?
- from branches of the facial, maxillary and ophthalmic arteries
- come from external and internal carotid arteries
what is the ophthalmic artery a branch of and where does it supply?
- Branch of internal carotid arteries
-only supplies nasal cavities and the air sinuses
where does the facial artery branch from and where does it supply other than the nasal cavities and the air sinuses?
for where it supplies, think:
- (1) mouth (2) anterior
the facial artery:
- branches from external carotid artery
- also supplies lip tissue and anterior nasal cavities
Maxillary artery, where does it branch from and where does it supply other than the nasal cavities and the air sinuses?
- branches from external carotid artery
- also supplies nasal mucosa and maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses
sensory supply to the paranasal nasal sinuses
what is the major general sensory cranial nerve of the head and what are its 3 divisions
- trigeminal nerve
3 divisions:
- ophthalmic (V1)
- maxillary (V2)
- mandibular (V3)
where does the sensory supply for the frontal sinuses come from
ophthalmic division (V1) of trigeminal nerve (CN V)
which 2 divisions of the trigeminal nerve does the sensory supply for sphenoidal sinuses come from
both:
- opthalmic (V1)
- maxillary (V2)
divisions of the trigeminal nerve
where does sensory supply for the maxillary sinuses come from
comes from the maxillary (V2) division of the trigeminal nerve
nerve supply to nasal cavities
what 2 divisions of the trigeminal nerve carry touch pain and temperature sensation from the nasal mucosa
- opthalmic (V1)
- maxillary (V2)
what is anosmia
loss of smell
what nerves, carried in the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve, supply:
- mucous producing cells of the nasal mucosa
- smooth muscle walls of blood vessels in the respiratory epithelium
Mucous producing cells:
- parasympathetic neurons
smooth muscle walls of blood vessels:
- sympathetic neurons
sinusitis and pain patterns
what is sinusitis and what is a common sensation in sinusitis
- pain over the site of an infected sinus
- sinusitis is inflammation of the lining of the nasal cavity and the sinuses
what are 3 symptoms of sinusitis
think:
- n
- n
- h
- nasal blockage/congestion
- nasal discharge
- reduced sense of smell (hyposmia)
why would a patient have a headache with frontal sinusitis
due to compression/irritiation of branches from the opthalmic division trigeminal nerve (CN V1)
why would a patient have toothache with acute maxillary sinusitis
due to compression/irritation of branches from the maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (CN V2)
cribriform plate: what passes through it and where does it branch from?
- fibres of olfactory nerve
- branches from the ophthalmic vessels
where does the sphenoid sinus drains into
Drains into the sphenoethmoïdal recess
where do the maxillary, ethmoidal and frontal sinuses mainly drain into?
the middle meatus
what does drains tears and where does it drain tears into?
- nasolacrimal duct
- drains into the inferior meatus
What 3 structures forms the lateral walls of the nasal cavities?
- bones of the skull
- cartilage
- soft tissues
What is a common site for nosebleeds and where does it lie?
- the Anastomotic plexus of arteries
- lies on the anterior cartilaginous septum
