Respiratory Pathogens (18/03/24) Flashcards
Upper respiratory tract infections
what are 4 features of upper respiratory tract infections?
- very common
- mild
- usually viral in aetiology
- secondary bacterial/fungal infections are common
viral URTIs
what disease is responsible for up to 80% of viral URTIs
Rhinoviruses
Glandular fever
what are 5 symptoms of infectious mononucleosis
- pharyngitis
- lymphadenopathy in neck
- fever
- malaise
what 4 viruses can cause infectious mononucleosis
- EBV
- Cytomegalovirus
- toxoplasma gonadii
- HIV
what happens to CD8+ T lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis
they become activated
what is virulence?
a pathogens ability to keep disease
what are six viral upper respiratory tract infections and their percentage in causing disease?
- Rhinoviruses (80%)
- coronaviruses (10-15%)
- human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) [5-15%]
- respiratory syncytial virus [5%]
- adenoviruses [<5%]
- enteroviruses, e.g (coxsackieviruses, echoviruses [5%]
what bacteria or viruses can cause pharyngitis/tonsillitis?
viruses: adenoviruses
bacteria: strep pyogenes
outline how EBV virus can undergo latency and reactivation following primary infection
- viral entry/replication promotes growth-transformation of B-cells
- priming of naive T cells proomotes EBV specifici response
- this will eventually lead to a latent infection, where the virus will hid in resting B-cells
- resting B-cell will shed the EBV virus, leading to persistent infection
what cancer can EBV infections lead to?
can lead to types of lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC)
what is sinusitis
infammation of the sinuses due to infection
what 5 pathogens can cause sinusitis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Staphylococcus aureus → linked to chronic
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Streptococcus
what type of sinusitis is staphylococcus aureus linked to?
linked to chronic
how is sinusitis characterised
- facial pain/pressure
- nasal obstruction
- nasal discharge
in sinusitis, what does post-nasl drip do and what does it then cause
- irritates larynx
- causes persistent cough
