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YEAR 2: Respiratory Disease (MGEM2013 UNUK) (SPR1 23-24) > Respiratory Pathogens - RSV > Flashcards

Respiratory Pathogens - RSV Flashcards

1
Q

what is the leading cause of LRTIs in infants?

A

RSV

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2
Q

what is the incubation period for RSV?

A

4-5 days

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3
Q

when was RSV first identified?

A

4-5 days

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4
Q

what 2 disorders is RSV associated with?

A
  • asthma
  • bronchiolitis
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5
Q

what are the 2 variants of RSV?

A

RSV-A and RSV-B

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6
Q

what are 3 features of the RSV virion?

A
  • enveloped
  • 120-200nm in diameter

can be either:
- spherical
- filamentous
- asymmetric

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7
Q

what are 3 features of the genome of RSV?

A
  • negative sense
  • linear
  • 15.2 kilobases long
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8
Q

what does the matrix protein form in RSV?

A

the capsid

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9
Q

what is the attachment protein in RSV called?

A

G glycoprotein

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10
Q

what is the fusion protein called in RSV

A

F glycoprotein

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11
Q

what are 2 features of the RSV G-glycoprotein attachment protein

A
  • highly glycosylated
  • highly variable
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12
Q

what are the 2 forms of the G-glycoprotein attachment protein in RSV?

A
  • membrane anchored (Gm)
  • secreted (Gs)
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13
Q

what does the membrane-anchored Gm attachment protein in RSV do?

A

allows for viral attachment to heparin sulphate receptors of epithelial and type I alveolar cells

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14
Q

what does the secreted Gs attachment protein on RSV do?

A

limits host neutralisation

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15
Q

what are 2 features of the F fusion protein in RSV?

A
  • highly conserved (maintained)
  • potential vaccine target
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16
Q

outline the 5 steps lifecycle of RSV

A
  1. attachment to epithelial or type I alveolar cells via G-glycoproteins attaching to heparin sulphate recptors OR cell-surface fusion using F proteins
  2. RSV is taken into the cell via endocytosis
  3. fusion to the host cell within an endosome occurs
  4. genetic material of RSV is released and then transcripted to copy material, and also translated to produce proteins
  5. reassembly of a new virion which leaves the surface of the host cell to infect other cells
17
Q

outline the 6 steps of the pathogenesis of RSV

A
  1. there is increased viral load
  2. blockage of the cell cycle process to maximise viral replication
  3. this **disrupts **ciliated epithelial cells
  4. this causes inflammation AND mucosal oedema
  5. this promotes monocyte lung infiltration
  6. this results in syncytia formation
18
Q

what does syncytia formation in RSV lead to?

A
  • bursting of syncytia which can lead to mucus obstruction in the airways
19
Q

what is are symptoms of RSV and which is the big symptom?

A
  • restriction
  • obstruction
  • runny nose
  • shortness of breath
  • hypoxia
  • pneumonia and bronchiolitis

BIG symptom:
- wheezing

20
Q

how much is the correlation percentage between children who have RSV infection and their development of asthma in life?

A

40%

21
Q

what are 3 factors that can increase mortality rate of RSV

A
  • congenital heart disease
  • congenital lung disease
  • immunodeficiency
22
Q

what are 4 HOST risk factors of RSV

A
  • age (young and old)
  • being male
  • vitamin D deficiency
  • genetic polymorphisms in innate and adaptive immune response genes, surfactant protein genes and host receptor genes
23
Q

what are 3 environmental risk factors for RSC

A
  • exposure to cigarette smoke due to impact on epithelial cells which induces necrosis
  • air pollution
  • the time of year
24
Q

how can we prevent and treat RSV

A
  • infection monitoring
  • vaccination
25
Q

what are 4 medical treatments to treat RSV

A
  • hydration and antipyretics
  • oxygen therapy
  • RSV neutralising antibodies
  • Intensive care support

YEAR 2: Respiratory Disease (MGEM2013 UNUK) (SPR1 23-24) (39 decks)

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