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HSF - Viscera > Upper Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Upper Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the larynx?

A

The voicebox

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2
Q

Features of the nasal cavity mucosa

A

Very vascular

Ciliated

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3
Q

Divisions of the nasal mucosa

A

Olfactory

Respiratory

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4
Q

Features of respiratory nasal mucosa

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

Ciliated

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5
Q

Vestibule

A

Nostril hole

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6
Q

What lines the lateral walls of the nose?

A

Tubinates (3 bones)

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7
Q

3 bones lining the lateral walls of the nose

A

Superior concha
Middle concha
Inferior concha

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8
Q

Role of turbinates

A

Produce turbulance in inspired air

This keeps air in the nose for longer, warms and humidifies air

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9
Q

Space beneath each concha

A

Meatus

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10
Q

What do the meati open into?

A

Paranasal sinuses

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11
Q 
Paranasal sinuses
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) Frontal sinuses
2) Ethmoid sinuses
3) Sphenoid sinuses
4) Maxillary sinuses

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12
Q

Mucosa of the sinuses

A

Share with nose

Very vascularised, innervated

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13
Q

Why are problems with the frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses easily resolved?

A

Above nose, so drain into nose with gravity

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14
Q

Why are problems with the maxillary sinuses hard to resolve?

A

Nose connects with maxillary sinus at top of sinus, so hard to drain with gravity

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15
Q

Anterior boundary of oral cavity

A

Lips

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16
Q

Superior boundary of oral cavity
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Maxilla
2) Palatine bone (hard palate)
3) Uvola (soft palate)

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17
Q

Inferior boundary of oral cavity
1)
2)

A

1) Mandible

2) Myohyoid muscle

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18
Q

Features of anterior 2/3 of toungue

A

Papillae

Papillae house taste buds

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19
Q

Features of posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

Lingual tonsil (immune tissue)

20
Q

Structure dividing anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

Sulcus terminalis

21
Q 
Types of papillae
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) Fungiform (mid-tongue)
2) Vallate (along sulcus terminalis)
3) Foliate (lateral tongue)
4) Filiform (don’t house taste buds)

22
Q

Types of tongue muscles

A

Intrinsic

Extrinsic

23
Q

Number of teeth in a normal perosn

A

32

24
Q

Types of teeth

A

4 incisors
2 canine
4 premolars
6 molars (including 2 wisdom teeth)

25
Q

What is the larynx?

A

A cartilaginous skeleton

26
Q

Epiglottis

A

Cartilage disc

Pushed to cover laryngeal inlet during swallwing

27
Q

Orientation of oesophagus and trachea

A

Trachea is anterior to oesophagus

28
Q

Orientation of thyroid and cricoid cartilage

A

Thyroid cartilage superior to cricoid cartilage

29
Q

Arytenoid cartilage

A

Sits posteriorly in trachea

Attached anteriorly to posterior end of thyroid cartilage with vocal ligament

Articulates with posterior aspect of cricoid cartilage

Can swivel on cricoid cartilage to adduct, abduct vocal ligaments

30
Q

Cartilage in larynx
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Thyroid
2) Cricoid
3) Arytenoid

31
Q

Folds of vocal ligaments
1)
2)

A

1) Vestibular fold (superior)

2) Vocal fold

32
Q

Function of vestibular fold

A

Protects vocal fold

33
Q

Function of vocal fold

A

Makes sound

34
Q

Abduction of vocal ligaments

A

Inspiraiton

35
Q

Adduction of vocal ligaments

A

Phonation

36
Q

Layers of pharynx
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Nasopharynx
2) Oropharynx
3) Laryngopharynx

37
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

Sling of muscles that chose off the mouth, nose, larynx

38
Q

Muscles making up the pharynx
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Superior constrictor muscle
2) Middle constrictor muscle
3) Inferior constrictor muscle

39
Q

Attachment of superior constrictor muscle

A 
Medial pterygoid plate 
Pterygoid hamulus
Pterygomandibular raphe
Mylohyoid line of mandible
Side of tongue
40
Q

Attachment of middle constrictor muscle

A

Hyoid bone

41
Q

Attachment of inferior constrictor muscle

A

Arch of cricoid

Oblique line of thyroid

42
Q

Features in nasopharynx

A

Pharyngeal tonsil

Opening of auditory tube/eustachian tube into middle ear

43
Q

Features in oropharynx

A

Soft palate

Uvula

Epiglottis

Palatine tonsils

44
Q

Features in laryngopharynx

A

Epiglottis (boundary between oropharynx and laryngopharynx)

Piriform recess

45
Q

What is the piriform recess?

A

Grooves either side of epiglottis provide a path for water

Water isn’t heavy enough to depress the epiglottis

46
Q

Insertion of all constrictor muscles

A

Median raphae of pharynx

HSF - Viscera (12 decks)

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