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HSF - Viscera > Lower Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Lower Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of thoracic cavity
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Left
2) Right
3) Pulmonary cavity

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2
Q

Four parts of the parietal pleura

A

1) Cervical - top
2) Costal - lateral
3) Mediasteinal - medial
4) Diaphragmatic - bottom

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3
Q

What kind of space is the pleural space?

A

Potential space

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4
Q

Pulmonary ligaments

A

Where the visceral and parietal pleura are continuous

At the hilum of the lung

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5
Q

Pleural innervation

A

Visceral pleura - autonomic innervation

Parietal pleura - Somatic innervation

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6
Q

Pain felt in visceral vs parietal pleura

A

Visceral - Diffuse, poorly localised pain

Parietal - Sharp, localised pain

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7
Q

Where does the trachea descend from?

A

C6

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8
Q

Where does the trachea split into the bronchi?

A

T4, T5

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9
Q

Which bronchus is the shorter, more vertical one?

A

Right

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10
Q

In which bronchus do foreign objects normally fall?

A

Right

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11
Q

What is a tracheal ring?

A

U-shaped cartilaginous rings in the trachea

Closed posteriorally by the trachealis smooth muscle

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12
Q

Stages of the bronchial tree

A

Main bronchus
Lobar bronchus
Segmental bronchus

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13
Q

Area supplied by a segmental bronchus

A

Bronchiopulmonary segment

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14
Q

Shape of a bronchiopulmonary segment

A

Pyramidal
Apex facing the hilum
Base at the lung surface

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15
Q

What is a bronchiopulmonary segment?

A

The smallest functional unit of the lungs

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16
Q

What makes bronchiopulmonary segments independent?

A

Separate blood supply
Separate venous drainage
Supplied independently by segmental bronchus

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17
Q

Is the lung a hollow or solid viscus?

A

Solid

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18
Q

How do the left and right lung differ in shape?

A

Left lung is smaller than right because of the heart

Right lung is shorter and wider than left because of the liver

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19
Q

Three surfaces of the lungs

A

Costal

Mediasteinal

Diaphragmatic

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20
Q

Are the lungs completely divided?

A

No. Incompletely divided

All lobes join at the hilum

21
Q

Surface features of the left lung
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Cardiac notch
2) Groove for descending aorta
3) Groove for arch of aorta

22
Q

Surface features of the right lung
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Cardiac notch
2) Groove for azygous vein
3) Groove for oesophagus

23
Q

Lobes of the right lung

A

Superior lobe
Middle lobe
Inferior lobe

24
Q

Fissures of the right lung

A

Horizontal fissure

Oblique fissure

25
Q

Where is the inferior of the right lobe largest?

A

From posteriorally

26
Q

Fissures of the left lung

A

Oblique fissure

27
Q

Divisions of lung blood supply

A

Pulmonary arteries and veins

Bronchial arteries and veins

28
Q

Spatial organisation of pulmonary arteries and veins

A

Left/right pulmonary arteries superior to left/right pulmonary veins

29
Q

Three surfaces of the lungs

A

Costal

Mediasteinal

Diaphragmatic

30
Q

Are the lungs completely divided?

A

No. Incompletely divided

All lobes join at the hilum

31
Q

Surface features of the left lung
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Cardiac notch
2) Groove for descending aorta
3) Groove for arch of aorta

32
Q

Surface features of the right lung
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Cardiac impression
2) Groove for azygous vein
3) GRoove for oesophagus

33
Q

Lobes of the right lung

A

Superior lobe
Middle lobe
Inferior lobe

34
Q

Fissures of the right lung

A

Horizontal fissure

Oblique fissure

35
Q

Where is the inferior of the right lobe largest?

A

From posteriorally

36
Q

Fissures of the left lung

A

Oblique fissure

37
Q

Divisions of lung blood supply

A

Pulmonary arteries and veins

Bronchial arteries and veins

38
Q

Spatial organisation of pulmonary arteries and veins

A

Left/right pulmonary arteries superior to left/right pulmonary veins

39
Q 
Structures at both lung hila
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
A

1) One pulmonary artery
2) Two pulmonary veins
3) Main bronchus
4) Bronchial vessels
5) Nerves
6) Lymphatics

40
Q

Layout of structures at the right hilum
Superior
Intermediate
Inferior

A

Superior: Right pulmonary artery, right upper lobe bronchus

Intermediate: Anterior pulmonary vein and bronchus intermedius

Inferior: Lymph nodes and inferior pulmonary vein

41
Q

Layout of structures at the left hilum
Superior
Intermediate
Inferior

A

Superior: Left pulmonary artery

Intermediate: Left main bronchus, anterior pulmonary vein

Inferior: Inferior pulmonary vein

42
Q

Differences between left and right hila

A

Two lobar bronchi at right hilum. Only one at left.

In left, the pulmonary artery occupies the most superior position

43
Q

What are the dark-coloured superficial vessels in the lungs?

A

Lymph vessels, stained black because of carbon in the air

44
Q

Where do the lung superficial lymph vessels lie?

A

Deep to visceral pleura

45
Q

Where do the deep lung lymph vessels lie?

A

Along the bronchial tree

46
Q

Lymph nodes drained to by the lungs

A

Bronchopulmonary nodes (hilar) –> Tracheobronchial nodes –> Bronchomediastinal lymph trunks

47
Q

Which structure supplies innervation to the lungs and visceral pleura?

A

The pulmonary plexus

48
Q

Which nervous divisions contribute to the pulmonary plexus?

A

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

HSF - Viscera (12 decks)

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