Gastrointestinal Tract II

Question 1

Which mesentary is names ‘the mesentary’?

Answer 1

That which connects the jejunum and ileum to the abdominal wall

Question 2

Is the liver intra- or retroperitoneal?

Answer 2

Intraperitoneal

Question 3

Which is the largest solid viscus?

Answer 3

The liver

Question 4

In which quadrant is the liver located?

Answer 4

Mainly in the upper right quadrant

Question 5

Main functions of th eliver
1)
2)
3)

Answer 5

1) Bile production
2) Filter blood
3) Metabolisms

Question 6

Surfaces of the liver

Answer 6

Diaphragmatic surface

Visceral surface

Question 7

Qualities of the hepatic diaphragmatic surface

Answer 7

Smooth

Superior and anterior

Question 8

Qualities of the hepatic visceral surface

Answer 8

Concave

Inferior and posterior

Question 9

Number of hepatic lobes

Answer 9

Two

Question 10

What divides the hepatic lobes?

Answer 10

The falciform ligament

Question 11

Qualities of the inferior border of the liver

Answer 11

Sharp surface

Question 12

Structures on the visceral side of the liver

Answer 12

1) Groove in which inferior vena cava and gallbladder sit

2) Hilum (or portal hepatis)

Question 13

Structures making up portal hepatis

Answer 13

1) Hepatic duct
2) Hepatic artery
3) Portal vein

Question 14

Constituents of the hepatic triad

Answer 14

1) Hepatic duct
2) Hepatic artery
3) Portal vein

Question 15

Point of entry of hepatic traid

Answer 15

Portal hepatis (Hilum)

Question 16

Role of hepatic duct

Answer 16

Drains bile from the liver

Question 17

Role of portal vein

Answer 17

Brings venous blood form the GIT and abdomen into the liver for metabolism

Question 18

Structures dividing the anatomical lobes of the liver

Answer 18

1) Falciform ligament

2) Venosum ligament

Question 19

Names of hepatic accessory lobes

Answer 19

1) Caudate lobe

2) Quadrate lobe

Question 20

Anatomical lobe containing accessory hepatic lobes

Answer 20

Right anatomical lobe

Question 21

Hepatic sagittal fissures

Answer 21

Left = Ligament venosum
Right = Gallbladder and IVC groove

Question 22

What makes up the hepatic left sagittal fissure?

Answer 22

Ligament venosum

Question 23

What makes up the hepatic right sagittal fissure?

Answer 23

Groove for the gallbladder and IVC

Question 24

Structures delineating the hepatic accessory lobes

Answer 24

1) Left, right sagittal fissures

2) Hilum

Question 25

Location of the gallbladder

Answer 25

Sits on the anterior visceral surface of liver

Question 26

Three parts of gallbladder

Answer 26

Fundus, body, neck

Question 27

Duct linking gallbladder with the common bile duct

Answer 27

Cystic duct

Question 28

Quadrant of the pancreas

Answer 28

Upper left quadrant

Question 29

Is the pancreas retro- or intraperitoneal?

Answer 29

Retroperitoneal

Question 30

``` Parts of the pancreas 1) 2) 3) 4) ```

Answer 30

1) Head 2) Neck 3) Body 4) Tail

Question 31

Location of pancreatic head

Answer 31

Surrounded by duodenal curve | Attached to descending and transverse duodenum

Question 32

Location of pancreatic tail

Answer 32

Closely related to hilum of spleen | Anterior to left kidney

Question 33

Functions of pancreas

Answer 33

Endocrine and exocrine

Question 34

Endocrine functions of pancreas

Answer 34

Secrete into blood (many small blood vessels in pancreas)

Question 35

Exocrine functions of pancreas

Answer 35

Secrete into main pancreatic duct and accessory pancreatic duct into duodenum Main pancreatic duct+common bile duct --> Major duodenal papilla Accessory pancreatic duct --> Minor duodenal papilla

Question 36

Quadrant of spleen

Answer 36

Left upper quadrant

Question 37

Ribs against which the spleen rests

Answer 37

9, 10, 11

Question 38

Danger of breaking ribs 9, 10 or 11

Answer 38

Jagged ends can damage splanchnic artery | Heavy bleeding into peritoneal cavity

Question 39

Path of aorta

Answer 39

1) Descends through thorax, penetrates diaphragm at T12 2) Splits into common iliac arteries at L4 3) Unpaired branches supply unpaired viscera

Question 40

Aortic branches supplying the gut

Answer 40

Celiac trunk (foregut), superior mesenteric artery (midgut), inferior mesenteric artery (hindgut)

Question 41

Structures on anterior aorta

Answer 41

Unpaired branches supplying unpaired viscera - Celiac trunk, superior/inferior mesenteric arteries Abdominal aorta has paired branches supplying viscera and abdominal walls - Renal arteries, suprarenal arteries, testicular/ovarian arteries

Question 42

Paired arteries of anterior abdominal aorta

Answer 42

Renal arteries, suprarenal arteries, testicular/ovarian arteries

Question 43

Structures on posterior aorta

Answer 43

Only paired arteries (parietal arteries) | Phrenic arteries

Question 44

Foregut

Answer 44

Begins at abdominal oesophagus | Ends between inferior and superior duodenal papilla

Question 45

Midgut

Answer 45

Begins inferior to major duodenal papilla | Ends at distal third of transverse colon

Question 46

Hindgut

Answer 46

Begins just before left colic flexure (splenic flexure) | Ends mid anal canal

Question 47

Celiac trunk branches

Answer 47

Branches directly to pancreas, duodenum (before major duodenal papilla)

Question 48

Superior/Inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 48

Branch directly to the retroperitoneal duodenum, distal third of transverse colon, descending colon, rectum, anal canal Supplies intraperitoneal jejunum, ileum, sigmoid colon through mesentary

Question 49

Way that paired viscera drain blood to IVC

Answer 49

DIrectly

Question 50

Way that unpaired viscera (except liver) drain to IVC

Answer 50

Via portal system

Question 51

Venous drainage of peritoneal unpaired viscera

Answer 51

Unpaired GIT --> Portal vein --> Hepatic veins --> IVC --> Right atrium

Question 52

Venous drainage of liver

Answer 52

Directly to IVC via hepatic veins

Question 53

Veins normally forming portal vein

Answer 53

Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein