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HSF - Viscera > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Cavities in the chest

A

2 x pleural cavities

Media steinum

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2
Q

Location of heart

A

Within media steinum, in pericardial sac

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3
Q

Does the pericardium attach to the diaphragm?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What limits diaphragmatic descent?

A

The central tendon of the diaphragm attaches to the pericardium

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5
Q

Structure of pericardium

A

Outer fibrous sheath
Serous pericardium lies interior to fibrous sheath
Parietal and visceral serous pericardium

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6
Q

Orientation of the heart

A

Right side lies anterior to left side

Atria lie to the right of ventricles

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7
Q

Location of the anterior atrioventricular sulcus

A

Between right atrium and right ventricle

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8
Q

Location of anterior interventricular sulcus

A

Between right centricle and left ventricle

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9
Q

Alternate name for the anterior atrioventricular sulcus

A

Coronary sulcus

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10
Q

Structure of the heart in utero

A

Foramen ovali is a hole in the sinus venorum

Allows passage of blood from the right atrium to the left atrium

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11
Q

What does the foramen ovali become after birth?

A

Fossa ovalis

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12
Q

Why does the foramen ovalii exist in utero?

A

Baby doesn’t breathe, so no point pumping blood to lungs.

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13
Q

Features of the right ventricle

A

All interior wall is grooved (trabeculae carnae)

Area below pulmonary trunk is smooth (comus arteriosus or infundibulum)

Part of trabeculae carnae on each wall (3) projects to the middle of ventricle, joins (forms papillary muscle)

Pulmonary trunk with pulmonary valve

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14
Q

Function of papillary muscle

A

Join with tricuspid valve with tendons called chordae tendinae

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15
Q

Features of right atrium

A

Exterior wall is grooved (musculi pectinati)

Interior wall is smooth (sinus venarum)

Coronary sinus and fossa ovalis on interior wall

Tricuspid valve

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16
Q

Left atrium

A

Completely smooth-walled (except for left atrial appendage, which has ridges)

Has fossa ovalis

Receives 4x pulmonary veins from lungs

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17
Q

Left ventricle

A

Thickest wall

Has trabeculae carnae

BIcuspid/mitral valve

2 papillary muscles connect with mitral valve with chorda tendinae

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18
Q

Fibrous skeleton of the heart

A

Anchors atrial and ventricular muscle masses

Sits between atria and ventricles

Electrically isolates atria and ventricles

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19
Q

Features of the fibrous skeleton of the heart

A

2x trigones - Bicuspid, tricuspid valves

2x coronets - PUlmonary valve, aortic valve (semilunar)

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20
Q

How do the atria and ventricles electrically operate?

A

As a syncitium

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21
Q

What do the atrial surface of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves look like?

A

Smooth

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22
Q

What do the ventricular surfaces of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves look like?

A

Rough, because of chordae tendinae attachments

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23
Q

Configuration of aortic and pulmonary valves

A

Pulmonary valve is closer to edge

Aortic valve closer to centre

24
Q

Role of chordae tendinae

A

DO NOT open or close valves

Papillary muscles pull on valve cusps via chordae tendinae, hold cusps closed

25
Q

Differences between semilunar valves and atrioventricular valves

A

3 cusps in semilunar valves

Cusps of semilunar valves attach to blood vessel (aorta, pulmonary trunk)

Semilunar valves do not have attached chordae tendinae

26
Q

Where is the sinoatrial node located?

A

Right atrium
Top of cristae terminalis
Base of superior vena cava

27
Q

Nerve supply of the ehart

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic supply

Cardiac plexus is at the base of the heart

28
Q

How does an electrical impulse travel through the heart?

A

SA node pacemaker cells generate action potential

Action potential stops at cardiac fibrous skeleton (insulated)

AV node transmits impulse to ventricles (slows impulse slightly)

Impulse travels down bundle of His

Purkinje fibers branch through ventricles

29
Q

Blood vessels of the heart

A

Coronary arteries and veins

Pulmonary trunk

Aorta

30
Q

Location of pulmonary trunk

A

Emerges from right ventricle

Splits into left/right arteries

31
Q

Structure of aorta

A

1st part - Ascending aorta

2nd part - Aortic arch

32
Q

Structure of aortic arch

A

Arches upwards, posterior, to the left

Ends up on the left-hand side of the vertebral column, becomes the descending thoracic aorta

33
Q

What does the aorta become when it pierces the diaphragm?

A

The abdominal aorta (from the thoracic aorta)

34
Q

Location of the right coronary artery

A

Anterior surface of the heart

In atrioventricular groove

35
Q

Area supplied by right coronary artery

A

Right atrium, right ventricle

Conduction tissue of the AV, SA node

36
Q

Location of the left coronary artery

A

Posterior side of the heart

Posterior atrioventricular groove

Interventricular groove

37
Q

Do the right and left coronary arteries anastomose?

A

Yes

In two places

38
Q

Major arteries of the heart

A

Left/right carotid

Left/right subclavian

39
Q

Number of branches off aortic arch

A

Three

40
Q

First arteries to branch off the aorta

A

Coronary arteries

Branch from just after the aortic valve

41
Q

Names of 3 branches form aorta

A

1 - Brachiocephalic trunk
2 - Left common carotid
3 - Left subclavian

42
Q

Branches from brachiocephalic trunk

A

Right common carotid

Right subclavian

43
Q

Where do the pulmonary trunks travel in relation to the aortic trunk?

A

Underneath

44
Q

Area supplied by descending thoracic aorta

A

Everything above diaphragm

45
Q

Branches from the descending thoracic aorta

A

Pericardial
Intercostal
Bronchial
Oesophageal

46
Q

Number of branches from the descending thoracic aorta

A

4

47
Q

Internal jugular veins

A

Venous equivalent of common carotid arteries

48
Q

Path of IVC

A

Pierces central tendon of diaphragm

49
Q

Path of SVC

A

From internal jugular veins

50
Q

Path of veins in relation to arteries

A

Anteriorally mirror the path of arteries

51
Q

Vein associated with the common carotid arteries

A

Internal jugular veins

52
Q

Vein associated with the subclavian arteries

A

Subclavian veins

53
Q

What forms the brachiocephalic veins?

A

Fusion of internal jugular vein, subclavian vein

54
Q

What do the left and right brachiocephalic veins form?

A

Superior vena cava

55
Q

Role of azygous veins

A

Drain thorax into SVC

56
Q

What does the final azagous vein drain into?

A

Arches into the back of the SVC

HSF - Viscera (12 decks)

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