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HSF - Viscera > Gastrointestinal Tract > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Structure dividing thorax and abdomen

A

Diaphragm

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2
Q

Planes dividing quadrants

A

Transumbilical plane

Medial plane

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3
Q 
Muscles of the anterior abdominal wall:
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) External oblique
2) Internal oblique
3) Rectus abdominus
4) Transverse abdominus

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4
Q

Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A

1) Psoas major
2) Quadratus lumborum
3) Iliacus

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5
Q

Location of psoas major

A

Deep

Run along the side of lumbar spine

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6
Q

Location of quadratus lumborum

A

Lateral to psoas major

Fill space between T12 and ilial crest

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7
Q

Location of iliacus

A

Interior aspect of ilium and ischeum

Inferior to quadratus lumborum

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8
Q

Where does oesophagus begin?

A

C6

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9
Q

Where does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm?

A

T10

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10
Q

Where does the trachea split into the left and right bronchi?

A

T4/T5

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11
Q

Which side of the stomach does the oesophagus enter?

A

Right-hand side

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12
Q

Number of sphincters in oesophagus

A

3 (1 anatomical, 2 functional)

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13
Q

Location of oesophageal sphincters

A

1) Anatomical sphincter in pharynx (cervical)
2) Functional sphincter, diaphragmatic
3) Functional sphincter, thoracic, from left bronchus and aortic arch pressing on oesophagus (~T4/T5)

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14
Q

Muscle layers of the oesophagus

A

External longitudinal

Internal circular

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15
Q

Quadrant in which the stomach sits

A

Left upper quadrant

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16
Q 
Regions of the stomach
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) Fundus
2) Cardia
3) Body
4) Pylorus

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17
Q

Parts of pylorus:
1)
2)

A

1) Antrum

2) Canal

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18
Q

Which kind of sphincter is the pyloric sphincter?

A

Anatomical

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19
Q

What are rugae?

A

Folds of the gastric mucosa

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20
Q

Name of folds of the gastric mucosa

A

Rugae

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21
Q

Is stomach intra- or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

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22
Q

Length of duodenum

A

~25cm

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23
Q

Is the duodenum retro- or intraperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

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24
Q 
Parts of the duodenum:
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) Superior
2) Descending
3) Transverse/ inferior
4) Ascending

25
Q

Location of superior part of duodenum

A

Anterolateral to L1

26
Q

Location of descending part of duodenum

A

Runs along the right side of L1 - L3

27
Q

Structures in the descending part of the duodenum

A

Major duodenal papilla, minor duodenal papilla

28
Q

Location of the major and minor duodenal papillae

A

Descending part of the duodenum

29
Q

Structures linking to major duodenal papilla

A

Common bile duct

30
Q

Structures connecting to the common bile duct

A

Liver (bile)

Pancreas (pancreatic enzymes)

31
Q

Structures linking to minor duodenal papilla

A

Pancreas

32
Q

Arrangement of major and minor duodenal papillae

A

Minor superior to major

33
Q

Location of most of the jejunum

A

Left upper quadrant

34
Q

Location of most of the ileum

A

Right lower quadrant

35
Q

Is there a clear distinction between the jejunum and ileum?

A

Ne

36
Q

Proportional length of the jejunum and ileum

A

Jejunum ~ first 40%

Ileum ~ last 60%

37
Q

Are the jejunum and ileum retro- or intraperitoneal?

A

intraperitoneal

38
Q

Differences between jejunum and ileum

A

Jejunum has:

1) Larger diameter
2) Larger muscle folds
3) Thicker wall
4) Is more vascularised

39
Q

What is the difference between jejunum- and ileum-associated mesentary?

A

More fat in the ileum-associated mesentary

40
Q

Iieo-caecal junciton

A

Where the large and small intestines join

An anatomical sphincter

41
Q

Caecum

A

Blind pocket hanging inferior to the ileo-caecal junciton

42
Q

Hepatic flexure

A

Ninety-degree turn inferior to the liver

Links ascending with transverse colon

43
Q

Splenic flexure

A

Ninety-degree turn inferior to the spleen

Links transverse with descending colon

44
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

S-shaped part of the colon, after the descending colon

45
Q

Names of turns in colon

A

1) Hepatic flexion (or right colic flexure)

2) Splenic flexion (or left colic flexure)

46
Q

Three features that distinguish the large from the small intestine

A

1) Tenia coli
2) Haustra
3) Omental apendages

47
Q

What are tenia coli?

A

Incomplete outer longitudinal muscle coat of the large intestine
Three bands

48
Q

What are haustra?

A

Baggy appearance of large intestine from tenia coli being shorter than the large intestinal wall

49
Q

Which part of the lower intestine is the most mobile?

A

Transverse colon

50
Q

Is the transverse colon intra- or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

51
Q

Is the descending colon retro- or intraperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

52
Q

Is the signoid colon intra- or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

53
Q

What are omental appendices?

A

Fatty tags hanging from tenia coli

54
Q

Location of caecum

A

Right lower quarter

55
Q

Is the appendix intra- or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

56
Q

To what does the appendix attach?

A

Caecum

57
Q

Where does the appendix attach to the caecum?

A

Where the three tenia coli join

58
Q

What distinguishes the rectum from the rest of the large intestine?

A

No tenia coli, haustra, omental appendices

HSF - Viscera (12 decks)

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