Upper Resitory Flashcards
What is Rhinitis and what are the types of rhinitis?
Inflammation of nasal mucous membrane
Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) may occur alone or along with other respiratory disorders like asthma
Infectious rhinitis: may occur alone or with sinuous (viral or bacterial)
Symptoms : rhinorrhea, watery eyes , nasal congestion, cough , sneezing
Any time you hear hear anyone histamine you should think of
Respitory
Anytime you hear histamine blocker you should think of
GI
What is histamine 1 (anti histamine )and when is it used?
PRN
Causes vasodilation and increase vascular permeability
Leads to swelling, erythema, rhinorrhea and epiphora. Also irritation of never endings, sneezing and itching
Anti histamine MOA:
Prevent histamine 1 release in small blood vessels , nerves and helps relieve itching , rhinorrhea, allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, insomnia
What do you watch for when giving anti histamines?
Breathing ( CNS depression )
Vital Signs ( increased BP, increased HR)
Urinary retention
Avoid operating machinery
Hangover effect
Contraindication : bear contraindications
To avoid vesicant ( blistering tissue damage ) ensure what?
IV patency
What are Decongestants ?
Non specific a and b agonists over the counter by mouth or large intranasal doses
If it stimulates alpha you will get vasoconstriction and decreased swelling, stuffiness and rhinorrhea
If stimulates a and b it can cause hypertension , BPH, tachycardia cardia
When it goes to CNS it can cause restlessness, jitteriness (avoid stimulants)
What do I want to look for before giving decongestants?
High Blood pressure
How should you apply decongestants ?
Lateral , to avoid swallowing and systemic effect
Why. Should you avoid frequent use of nasal spray ?
Multiple doses can cause paradoxical congestion (more congestion ) by irritating the nasal mucosa
What are some precautions due to vasoconstriction from decongestants?
CVA(stroke), dysrhythmia and tachycardia , HTN, CAD ( coronary artery disease) , REnal failure
What are some precautions due to Adrenergic responses
Hyperglycemia for diabetic patients
Avoid In glaucoma, BPH patients , works against antidepressants
OD risk if combined with other decongestants
What are antitussives “ cough suppressant” used for ?
Dry cough and to avoid further throat irritation
What is a mucus plug ?
Due to dryness and low fluid , mucus accumulates causing a mucus plug
Use Guaifenesin to break it up
What are expectorants used for ?
To increase respiratory tract fluid to break up mucus
