CNS depressants drugs Flashcards
Barbiturates
MOA: GABA stimulation
Indication: antipileptic ( reduce activity in brain to help with seizure ), sedative(help with anxiety) , hypnotic( help you with sleep)
NO REVERSAL AGENT
Narrow therapeutic range
Side effects: respiratory depression, Brady cardia, ataxia( fall)
Dependence and tolerance ( only for short term)
REM rebound (vivid dreams and nightmares)
Paradoxical effects ex: anxiety
Decrease the effect of oral contraceptives
Contraindication: pregnancy, alcohol and opioids
Ex: long acting schedule 4 is phenobarbital
Benzodiazepines
-Pam -lam
MOA: GABA stimulation, schedule 4
Indication :sedative (anxiolytic), Epilepsy (anti epileptic),spasms(centrally acting muscle relaxant), insomnia(hypnotic) and anesthesia induction (sedative hypnotic)
Routes: PO, IM , IV
Side effects : same side effects as barbs
Benzopine overdose drug
Flumazenil
Non benzodiazepine hypnotic
Zolpidem
MOA: GABA Enhancer, schedule 4
Route: PO, SL
Indication: only short term use ( less than 10 days!) only PRN for insomnia
Duration of action : 8 hours ( do not give it late at night )
Side effects: hypotension, hangover effect, light headed
Inhaled anesthesia:Nitrous oxide and Isoflurane
Fast induction and fast reversal/ recovery
No metabolism, eliminated by ventilation
Reversal agent: deep breathing, intubation/ventilation
Adverse effects:
Anesthesia awareness Overdose: respitory depression, hypotension, Brady-dysrhythmia HA, confusion N/V Shivering/chills Malignant hypothermia
IV anesthetics
Etomidate, propofol and ketamine
Propofol has a high risk of infection, use vial in 6 hrs
Contraindication : allergy to soy \ egg
Ketamine side effects hallucinations, delirium, confusion
Regional anesthesia
Procaine
Lidocaine
MOA: prevent conduction of nerve impulses in
Motor( moving) , sensory (feeling) and autonomic ( vasodilation or vasoconstriction )
