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Anatomy Exam III material > Upper Limb: The shoulder > Flashcards

Upper Limb: The shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous joints

A
  • Sutures
  • Syndesmoses
  • Gomphoses
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2
Q

Cartilagenous joints

A
  • Synchondroses

- Symphyses

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3
Q

Synovial joints structure

A
  • Joint capsule
    • inner synovial membrane
    • outer fibrous capsule
  • Hyaline cartilage
  • Some have articular disc
  • typically very mobile
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4
Q

functional classification of joints

A

Synarthrosis- no movement
Amphiarthrosis- little movement
Diarthrosis- A lot of movement

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5
Q

Movements at synovial joints

A

monaxial- no axis of movement
uniaxial- single axis of movement
biaxial- 2 axes of movement
multiaxial- greater than 2 axes of movement

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6
Q

Acromion process of scapula and clavicle structure type, functional type, and movements allowed

A
  • Synovial; plane type
  • Diathrotic
  • gliding and rotation of scapula on clavicle
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7
Q

Scapula and humerus (shoulder joint/Glenohumeral joint) structure type, functional type, and movements allowed

A
  • Synovial; ball and socket
  • Diathrotic
  • multiaxial; extension, abduction, adduction, circumlocution, rotation of humerus/arm
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8
Q

Ulna (and Radius) with humerus structure type, functional type, and movements allowed

A
  • Synovial; hinge
  • Diarthrotic
  • uniaxial; flexion; extension of forearm
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9
Q

Proximal Radius and Ulna structure type, functional type, and movements allowed

A
  • Synovial; pivot
  • Diarthrotic
  • Uniaxial; rotation of radius around long axis of forearm to allow pronation and supination
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10
Q

Distal Radius and Ulna structure type, functional type, and movements allowed

A
  • Synovial;pivot
  • Diarthrotic
  • Uniaxial; rotation (convex head of ulna rotates in ulnar notch of radius)
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11
Q

Sternum and clavicle structure type, functional type, and movements allowed

A
  • Synovial; shallow saddle with articular disc
  • diarthrotic
  • multiaxial
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12
Q

Axioappendicular

A

connect the axial skeleton to the upper limb

- anterior structure part of the pectoral region
- posterior structures part to back region (specifically hypaxial since they act on the limbs)
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13
Q

scapulohumeral

A

connect the scapula to the humerus

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14
Q

Bursa between the acromion and supraspinatus tendon

A

Subaromial bursa

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15
Q

Bursa between deltoid muscle and joint capsule

A

Subdeltoid bursa

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16
Q

Bursa between subscapularis muscle and coracoid process

A

subcoracoid bursa

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17
Q

The subcoracoid bursa may be fused with the

A

subscapular bursa

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18
Q

Bursa between subscapularis muscle and joint capsule. communicates with synovial cavity of joint

A

Subscapular bursa

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19
Q

what three bursa communicate with each other but not with the synovial cavity of the glenohumeral joint

A

Subacromial bursa, subdeltoid bursa, subcoracoid bursa

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20
Q

Is the bony link that holds the shoulder to the body

A

The clavicle

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21
Q

Is the top part of your shoulder

A

The Acromion

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22
Q

Holds the shoulder in place

A

Rotator cuff muscles and tendons

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23
Q

is a rim of cartilage to which the shoulder capsule attaches

A

The Labrum

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24
Q

Impingement syndrom (shoulder impingement) involves

A
  • Supraspinatus tendon (tendonitis)

- can involve subacromial (bursitis)

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25
Scapulohumeral Musculature
- deltoid - teres major - Rotator cuff muscles - Subscapularis - Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Teres Minor
26
Rotator cuff muscles
- Subscapularis - supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor
27
Deltoid proximal attachment
-Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
28
Deltoid distal attachment
-deltoid tuberosity of humerus
29
Actions of deltoid
-Flexes, medially rotates, abducts, extends and laterally rotates humerus
30
The deltoid is innervated by
The axillary nerve
31
Proximal attachment of Teres major
-posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
32
Distal attachment of Teres major
-Medial lip of inter tubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus
33
Actions of Teres Major
Adducts and medially rotates humerus
34
Innervation of teres major
lower sub scapular nerve
35
distal attachment of supraspinatus
Superior facet of the greater tubercle of humerus
36
Distal attachment of infraspinatus
middle facet o f the greater tubercle of humerus
37
Distal attachment of Teres minor
Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
38
Proximal attachment of the supraspinatus
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
39
Distal attachment of the supraspinatus
Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
40
actions of supraspinatus
Works with deltoid in abduction of humerus, acts with other rotator cuff muscles in stabilizing shoulder joint
41
Innervation of the supraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
42
Proximal attachment of subscapularis
Subscapular fossa (anterior surface of scapula)
43
Distal attachment of subscapularis
lesser tubercle of humerus
44
Actions of subscapularis
medially rotates and adducts humerus | helps hold humeral head in place
45
Innervation of Subscapularis
Upper and lower subscapular nerves
46
The lower subscapular nerve innervates
Teres major and the subscapularis (note that the subscapularis is innervated by the upper scapular nerve as well)
47
The upper subscapular nerve innervates
Subscapularis (note that it is also innervated by the lower subscapular nerve
48
what is the largest and strongest rotator cuff muscle
Subscapularis
49
Are isolated subscapularis tears relatively rare
Yes
50
Subsapularis injuries can lead to
bicipital tendon instability and biceps tendonitis
51
subscapularis injuries are fairly common sports injuries in
pitchers (powerful throwing motion), (rotator cuff tendonitis)
52
Proximal attachment of infraspinatus
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
53
Distal attachment of infraspinatus
middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
54
Actions of infraspinatus
Laterally rotates humerus | helps hold humeral head in place
55
innervation of Infraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
56
The suprascapular nerve innervates
- Supraspinatus | - infraspinatus
57
Injuries to the suprascapular nerve result in
loss of lateral rotation at the shoulder joint and inability to initiate abduction (note that it is vulnerable to injury in fractures of the middle third of the clavicle)
58
route of suprascapular nerve
- arises form the superior trunk of the brachial plexus | - it passes through the suprascapular notch, inferior to the superior transverse scapular ligament
59
What is the proximal attachment of teres minor
Middle part of lateral border of scapula
60
Distal attachment for teres minor
Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
61
Actions of teres minor
Laterally abducts humerus, helps hold humeral head in place
62
Innervation of teres minor
axillary nerve
63
The axillary nerve innervates
Deltoid teres minor skin of the upper lateral arm
64
axillary nerve arises from
Arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
65
Rotator cuff injuries
- 90 degree angle of humerus creates compression point for the tendon of supraspinatus - Supraspinatus tendon can also tear. This is a common injury in the elderly - repetitive overhead activities can lead to injuries - other causes: bone spurs, anatomical variation of the acromion (i.e., odd-shaped acromion that limits the space within the roof of the gleaned fossa)
66
The 2 large named arteries that have tributaries that provide blood to the pectoral shoulder and axillary regions are
- subclavian artery | - axillary artery
67
Part 1 of the subclavian location
is medial to the anterior scalene muscle
68
Part 2 of the subclavian location
is posterior to the anterior scalene muscle
69
Part 3 of the subclavian location
is lateral to the anterior scalene muscle
70
name spaces and triangles within the superficial back and scapular regions
- Triangle of Auscultation - Quadrangular space - Triangular space - Triangular interval
71
what passes through the Quadrangular space
axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery
72
What passes through the Triangular space
circumflex scapular artery
73
What passes through the triangular interval
deep brachial artery and radial nerve

Anatomy Exam III material (9 decks)

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