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Anatomy Exam III material > Upper Limb: The shoulder > Flashcards

Upper Limb: The shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous joints

A
  • Sutures
  • Syndesmoses
  • Gomphoses
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2
Q

Cartilagenous joints

A
  • Synchondroses

- Symphyses

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3
Q

Synovial joints structure

A
  • Joint capsule
    • inner synovial membrane
    • outer fibrous capsule
  • Hyaline cartilage
  • Some have articular disc
  • typically very mobile
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4
Q

functional classification of joints

A

Synarthrosis- no movement
Amphiarthrosis- little movement
Diarthrosis- A lot of movement

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5
Q

Movements at synovial joints

A

monaxial- no axis of movement
uniaxial- single axis of movement
biaxial- 2 axes of movement
multiaxial- greater than 2 axes of movement

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6
Q

Acromion process of scapula and clavicle structure type, functional type, and movements allowed

A
  • Synovial; plane type
  • Diathrotic
  • gliding and rotation of scapula on clavicle
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7
Q

Scapula and humerus (shoulder joint/Glenohumeral joint) structure type, functional type, and movements allowed

A
  • Synovial; ball and socket
  • Diathrotic
  • multiaxial; extension, abduction, adduction, circumlocution, rotation of humerus/arm
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8
Q

Ulna (and Radius) with humerus structure type, functional type, and movements allowed

A
  • Synovial; hinge
  • Diarthrotic
  • uniaxial; flexion; extension of forearm
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9
Q

Proximal Radius and Ulna structure type, functional type, and movements allowed

A
  • Synovial; pivot
  • Diarthrotic
  • Uniaxial; rotation of radius around long axis of forearm to allow pronation and supination
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10
Q

Distal Radius and Ulna structure type, functional type, and movements allowed

A
  • Synovial;pivot
  • Diarthrotic
  • Uniaxial; rotation (convex head of ulna rotates in ulnar notch of radius)
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11
Q

Sternum and clavicle structure type, functional type, and movements allowed

A
  • Synovial; shallow saddle with articular disc
  • diarthrotic
  • multiaxial
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12
Q

Axioappendicular

A

connect the axial skeleton to the upper limb

- anterior structure part of the pectoral region
- posterior structures part to back region (specifically hypaxial since they act on the limbs)
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13
Q

scapulohumeral

A

connect the scapula to the humerus

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14
Q

Bursa between the acromion and supraspinatus tendon

A

Subaromial bursa

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15
Q

Bursa between deltoid muscle and joint capsule

A

Subdeltoid bursa

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16
Q

Bursa between subscapularis muscle and coracoid process

A

subcoracoid bursa

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17
Q

The subcoracoid bursa may be fused with the

A

subscapular bursa

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18
Q

Bursa between subscapularis muscle and joint capsule. communicates with synovial cavity of joint

A

Subscapular bursa

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19
Q

what three bursa communicate with each other but not with the synovial cavity of the glenohumeral joint

A

Subacromial bursa, subdeltoid bursa, subcoracoid bursa

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20
Q

Is the bony link that holds the shoulder to the body

A

The clavicle

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21
Q

Is the top part of your shoulder

A

The Acromion

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22
Q

Holds the shoulder in place

A

Rotator cuff muscles and tendons

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23
Q

is a rim of cartilage to which the shoulder capsule attaches

A

The Labrum

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24
Q

Impingement syndrom (shoulder impingement) involves

A
  • Supraspinatus tendon (tendonitis)

- can involve subacromial (bursitis)

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25
Q

Scapulohumeral Musculature

A
  • deltoid
  • teres major
  • Rotator cuff muscles
    • Subscapularis
    • Supraspinatus
    • Infraspinatus
    • Teres Minor
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26
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A
  • Subscapularis
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
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27
Q

Deltoid proximal attachment

A

-Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

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28
Q

Deltoid distal attachment

A

-deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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29
Q

Actions of deltoid

A

-Flexes, medially rotates, abducts, extends and laterally rotates humerus

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30
Q

The deltoid is innervated by

A

The axillary nerve

31
Q

Proximal attachment of Teres major

A

-posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

32
Q

Distal attachment of Teres major

A

-Medial lip of inter tubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus

33
Q

Actions of Teres Major

A

Adducts and medially rotates humerus

34
Q

Innervation of teres major

A

lower sub scapular nerve

35
Q

distal attachment of supraspinatus

A

Superior facet of the greater tubercle of humerus

36
Q

Distal attachment of infraspinatus

A

middle facet o f the greater tubercle of humerus

37
Q

Distal attachment of Teres minor

A

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

38
Q

Proximal attachment of the supraspinatus

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

39
Q

Distal attachment of the supraspinatus

A

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

40
Q

actions of supraspinatus

A

Works with deltoid in abduction of humerus, acts with other rotator cuff muscles in stabilizing shoulder joint

41
Q

Innervation of the supraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

42
Q

Proximal attachment of subscapularis

A

Subscapular fossa (anterior surface of scapula)

43
Q

Distal attachment of subscapularis

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

44
Q

Actions of subscapularis

A

medially rotates and adducts humerus

helps hold humeral head in place

45
Q

Innervation of Subscapularis

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

46
Q

The lower subscapular nerve innervates

A

Teres major and the subscapularis (note that the subscapularis is innervated by the upper scapular nerve as well)

47
Q

The upper subscapular nerve innervates

A

Subscapularis (note that it is also innervated by the lower subscapular nerve

48
Q

what is the largest and strongest rotator cuff muscle

A

Subscapularis

49
Q

Are isolated subscapularis tears relatively rare

A

Yes

50
Q

Subsapularis injuries can lead to

A

bicipital tendon instability and biceps tendonitis

51
Q

subscapularis injuries are fairly common sports injuries in

A

pitchers (powerful throwing motion), (rotator cuff tendonitis)

52
Q

Proximal attachment of infraspinatus

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

53
Q

Distal attachment of infraspinatus

A

middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

54
Q

Actions of infraspinatus

A

Laterally rotates humerus

helps hold humeral head in place

55
Q

innervation of Infraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

56
Q

The suprascapular nerve innervates

A
  • Supraspinatus

- infraspinatus

57
Q

Injuries to the suprascapular nerve result in

A

loss of lateral rotation at the shoulder joint and inability to initiate abduction (note that it is vulnerable to injury in fractures of the middle third of the clavicle)

58
Q

route of suprascapular nerve

A
  • arises form the superior trunk of the brachial plexus

- it passes through the suprascapular notch, inferior to the superior transverse scapular ligament

59
Q

What is the proximal attachment of teres minor

A

Middle part of lateral border of scapula

60
Q

Distal attachment for teres minor

A

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

61
Q

Actions of teres minor

A

Laterally abducts humerus, helps hold humeral head in place

62
Q

Innervation of teres minor

A

axillary nerve

63
Q

The axillary nerve innervates

A

Deltoid
teres minor
skin of the upper lateral arm

64
Q

axillary nerve arises from

A

Arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

65
Q

Rotator cuff injuries

A
  • 90 degree angle of humerus creates compression point for the tendon of supraspinatus
  • Supraspinatus tendon can also tear. This is a common injury in the elderly
  • repetitive overhead activities can lead to injuries
  • other causes: bone spurs, anatomical variation of the acromion (i.e., odd-shaped acromion that limits the space within the roof of the gleaned fossa)
66
Q

The 2 large named arteries that have tributaries that provide blood to the pectoral shoulder and axillary regions are

A
  • subclavian artery

- axillary artery

67
Q

Part 1 of the subclavian location

A

is medial to the anterior scalene muscle

68
Q

Part 2 of the subclavian location

A

is posterior to the anterior scalene muscle

69
Q

Part 3 of the subclavian location

A

is lateral to the anterior scalene muscle

70
Q

name spaces and triangles within the superficial back and scapular regions

A
  • Triangle of Auscultation
  • Quadrangular space
  • Triangular space
  • Triangular interval
71
Q

what passes through the Quadrangular space

A

axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

72
Q

What passes through the Triangular space

A

circumflex scapular artery

73
Q

What passes through the triangular interval

A

deep brachial artery and radial nerve

Anatomy Exam III material (9 decks)

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