Leg Flashcards
Dynamic support of foot
- Tibialis posterior
- Tibialis anterior
- Flexor hallucis longus
- fibularis longus
- intrinsic plantar muscles
Passive support of foot
- Plantar aponeurosis
- Long plantar ligament
- Short plantar ligament
- Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
The transverse septa divides the posterior compartment of the calf into two compartments what are they
- Superficial posterior group
- Deep posterior group
What is in the deep posterior group of the calf
- Popliteus
- Flexor hallucis longus
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Tibialis posterior
What is in the superficial posterior calf group
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
- triceps surae - Plantaris
what is the most superficial posterior calf compartment muscle
Gastrocneumius
Function(s) of Gastrocnemius
Plantar flexion and flexes leg at knee joint
What is a fabella, and functions and clinical significance
- Sesamoid bone that may be close to the lateral head of Gastrocnemius’ proximal attachment.
fxn: may provide leverage for lateral head of gastrocnemius
clinical significance- Painful fabellar stress fracture may accompany total knee replacement
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Function of Soleus
Plantarflexion
Function(s) of Plantaris
- weak plantarflexion and leg flexion
- proposed to be a proprioceptive organ for foot position
clincal significance of plantaris
-long tendon commonly used in reconstructive surgery of hand tendons
- Possibility of rupture during violent ankle movements
- common injury in basketball, sprinters, and ballet dancers
- pain may be so severe that person is unable to bare weight
Function(s) of Popliteus
- Unlocks extended leg by laterally rotating femur on a stationary tibia
- also flexes leg weakly
Popliteal fossa arteries
-Superior medial and superior lateral genicular arteries
- just superior to medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius
- inferior medial genicular artery
- Deep to medial head of gastrocnemius
inferior lateral genicular artery
- Deep to plantaris and superficial to popliteus
What is the largest deep posterior calf muscle
Flexor Hallucis longus
Function(s) of flexor Hallucis longus
- flexes great toe
- Plantarflex foot at ankle joint
Function(s) of Flexor Digitorum Longus
- Flexes lateral four digits
- Plantarflex foot at ankle joint
Function(s) of Tibialis Posterior
- Inversion
- Plantarflexion
what nerve supplies all posterior leg muscles
Tibial nerve
Course of tibial nerve
- passes posterior to tibial vessels
- deep to soleus
- posterior to tibialis posterior
- leaves posterior compartment by passing deep to flexor retinaculum between medial malleolus and calcaneus
- Ends by dividing into medial and lateral plantar nerves (posteroinferior to medial malleolus)
The tibial artery gives rise to _____ and ends by dividing into ____ and ____
fibular artery, medial and lateral plantar arteries
_____ is the largest branch of the posterior tibial artery
Fibular artery
The fibular artery begins _______ and ends
inferior to distal border of popliteus, ends by piercing interosseous membrane and anastomosing with anterior lateral malleolar artery
The fibular artery supplies
posterior and lateral compartments
Clinical anatomy of posterior tibial artery
- posterior tibial pulse palpated between
- posterior surface of medial malleolus
- medial border of calcaneal tendon
- deep to flexor retinaculum
it is important to have patient relax retinaculum by inverting foot
