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Anatomy Exam III material > Upper limb II: The arm and forearm > Flashcards

Upper limb II: The arm and forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the elbow join

A

humeroradial, humeroulnar, proximal radioulnar

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2
Q

Vasculature of brachium

A

axillary artery—–> brachial artery gives rise to profunda brachii (deep brachial artery), as well as the superior ulnar collateral and inferior ulnar collateral

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3
Q

The profunda brachii (deep brachial artery) has two branches named

A

posterior descending branch (middle collateral) and anterior descending branch (radial collateral)

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4
Q

musculature in the anterior (flexor) compartment of arm (brachium)

A

Biceps brachii (long and short head), brachialis, coracobrachialis

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5
Q

musculature in the anterior (flexor) compartment of arm (brachium) are innervated by

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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6
Q

Proximal attachment of biceps brachii

A
  • long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

- Short head: coracoid process of scapula

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7
Q

distal attachement of biceps brachii

A

-radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

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8
Q

Actions of biceps brachii

A
  • supinates forearm, when supine will flex forearm

- resists dislocation of shoulder (short head)

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9
Q

Blood supply for the biceps brachii

A

brachial artery

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10
Q

innervation of biceps brachii

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C4,C6)

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11
Q

Proximal attachment of coracobrachialis

A

coracoid process of scapula

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12
Q

Distal attachment of coracobrachialis

A

middle 1/3 of medial humeral surface

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13
Q

Actions of coracobrachialis

A
  • Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder joint

- resists dislocation of shoulder joint

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14
Q

Blood supply of coracobrachialis

A

brachial artery

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15
Q

Innervation of coracobrachialis

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5,C6,C7)

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16
Q

Proximal attachement of brachialis

A

distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerus

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17
Q

Distal attachment of brachialis

A

coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

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18
Q

Actions of brachialis

A

flexes forearm at elbow joint

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19
Q

Blood supply of brachialis

A

brachial artery

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20
Q

Innervation of brachialis

A
  • musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

- Lateral portions may receive radial nerve contributions

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21
Q

Musculature of Arm (brachium) posterior (extensor) compartment

A
  • Triceps brachii
    • long head
    • lateral head
    • Medial head
  • Anconeus
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22
Q

Musculature of Arm (brachium) posterior (extensor) compartment are innervated by

A

Radial nerve

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23
Q

Proximal attachment of Anconeus

A

-Lateral epicondyle of humerus

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24
Q

Distal attachement of Anconeus

A

-Lateral surface of olecranon, superior part of surface of ulna

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25
Q

Actions of Anconeus

A
  • Assists triceps in extension of forearm and stabilizes elbow joint; also abducts ulna during pronation
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26
Q

Blood supply of Anconeus

A

Deep Brachial artery

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27
Q

innervation fo Anconeus

A

Radial nerve (C7,C8,T1)

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28
Q

Proximal attachment of triceps brachii

A
  • long: infraglenoid tubercle
  • lateral: posterior surface of humerus
  • medial: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove (spiral groove)
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29
Q

Distal attachment of triceps brachii

A

-Proximal end of olecranon and fascia of forearm

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30
Q

Actions of triceps brachii

A
  • extends forearm at elbow joint (main)

- resists dislocation of shoulder joint (long head)

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31
Q

Blood supply of triceps brachii

A

-deep brachial artery

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32
Q

Innervation of triceps brachii

A

-radial nerve (C6,C7,C8)

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33
Q

The triceps are constantly acting as ______ to the forearm flexors

A

antagonists

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34
Q

boundaries of the cubital fossa

A

Lateral: Brachioradialis
Medial: Pronator teres
Superior: an imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus
Roof: skin, superficial and deep fascia, bicipital aponeurosis
Floor: supinator and brachialis

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35
Q

contents of the cubital fossa

A
  1. ) median nerve
  2. ) bifurcation of radial and ulnar arteries
  3. ) Brachial veins (vernae comitantes)
  4. ) tendon of biceps brachii and bicipital aponeurosis
  5. ) radial nerve
    • deep radial nerve
    • superficial radial nerve
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36
Q

The radial nerve is between _____ and _____ in the cubital fossa

A

brachioradialis and brachialis

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37
Q

The superficial radial nerve radial nerve is underneath the _____ in the cubital fossa

A

Brachioradialis

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38
Q

The supinator is penetrated by

A

deep radial nerve

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39
Q

Posterior to the cubital region: elbow region

A
  • triceps and olecranon process
  • anconeus
  • ulnar nerves runs posterior to medialepicondyle of humerus (“funny bone”)
  • posterior ulnar recurrent artery
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40
Q

The ulnar nerve runs posterior to

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

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41
Q

Cubital anastomosis

A
  • Brachial Artery- Ulnar artery
    • superior ulnar collateral-Posterior ulnar recurrent
    • Inferior ulnar collateral- anterior ulnar recurrent
  • Deep brachial artery-Radial and interosseous arteries
    • Radial collateral artery- Radial recurrent artery
    • Middle collateral artery- interosseous recurrent artery
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42
Q

Arterial supply and cubital anastomoses (around elbow joint)

A
  • Proximal sources (collateral)
    • Superior ulnar collateral (from brachial artery)
    • Inferior ulnar collateral (from brachial artery)
    • Radial collateral (anterior descending branch of deep brachial)
    • Middle collateral (posterior descending branch of deep brachial)
  • Distal Sources (recurrent)
    • anterior ulnar recurrent artery (from ulnar artery)
    • posterior ulnar recurrent artery (from ulnar artery)
    • Radial recurrent artery (from radial artery)
    • Interosseous arteries
      • recurrent interosseous arteries (from common interosseous artery, which is a branch of the ulnar artery)
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43
Q

what are the interosseous arteries and which two are not part of the cubital anastomoses

A
  • Recurrent interosseous artery
  • Anterior interosseous artery (not part of cubital anastomosis)
  • posterior interosseous artery (not part of cubital anastomosis)
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44
Q

Blood supply to anterior forearm

A
  • ulnar artery
  • common interosseous artery (via anterior interosseous artery)
  • Radial artery
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45
Q

Blood supply to anterior hand

A
  • Superficial Palmar arch
    • ulnar artery
  • Deep planar ach
    • radial artery
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46
Q

arterial supply to posterior forearm and hand

A
  • radial artery
  • via deep palmar arch (hand)
  • Via dorsal carpal arch (hand)
  • common interosseous artery
    • posterior interosseous artery
  • perforating (posterior) branch of anterior interosseous artery
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47
Q

Superficial forearm muscles

A
  • Pronator teres
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Palmaris longus
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
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48
Q

Intermediate forearm muscle (s)

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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49
Q

Deep forearm muscle (s)

A
  • Flexor digitorum profundus
  • Flexor pollicis longus
  • Pronator quadratus
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50
Q

Proximal attachment of pronator teres

A

-Coronoid process of ulna; Medial epicondyle of the humerus; the common flexor tendon

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51
Q

Distal attachment of pronator teres

A

-middle of lateral surface of radius

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52
Q

Actions of pronator teres

A

Pronates and flexes forearm at elbow

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53
Q

Innervation of pronator teres

A

median nerve

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54
Q

Proximal attachment of flexor carpi radialis

A

medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin)

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55
Q

Distal attachment of the flexor carpi radialis

A

Base of 2nd metacarpal

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56
Q

Actions of flexor carpi radialis

A

flexes and abducts hand at wrist

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57
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi radialis

A

median nerve

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58
Q

Proximal attachment of palmaris longus

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

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59
Q

Distal attachment of palmaris longus

A

flexor retinaculum; continuous with palmar aponeurosis

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60
Q

actions of palmaris longus

A

-flexes hand at wrist, tenses palmar aponeurosis

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61
Q

Innervation of palmaris longus

A

Median nerve

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62
Q

What forearm muscle may be absent

A

Palmaris longus

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63
Q

Proximal attachment of carpi ulnaris

A

-Medial epicondyle of humerus

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64
Q

Distal attachment of flexor carpi ulnaris

A
  • Pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
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65
Q

Actions of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Flexes and adducts hand at wrist

66
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

ulnar nerve (C7-T1)

67
Q

Proximal attachment of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

-Medial epicondyle of humerus, superior 1/2 of anterior border of radius

68
Q

Distal attachment of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

-Shafts of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits

69
Q

Actions flexor digitorum superficialis

A
  • flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joint

- flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints

70
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Median nerve

71
Q

Proximal attachment of flexor digitorum profundus

A

-proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane

72
Q

Distal Attachment of flexor digitorum profundus

A

-bases of distal phalanges of 2nd-5th fingers

73
Q

Actions of flexor digitorum profundus

A
  • flexes distal phalanges at interphalangeal joints (power grip)
74
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus

A

median and ulnar nerves

75
Q

Proximal attachment of flexor pollicicis longus

A

Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

76
Q

Distal attachment of flexor pollicis longus

A

base of distal phalanx of thumb

77
Q

Actions of flexor pollicis longus flexes thumb

A

Flexes thumb

78
Q

Innervation of flexor pollicis longus

A

median nerve via anterior interosseos nerve

79
Q

Proximal attachment of pronator quadratus

A

Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna

80
Q

Distal attachment of pronator quadratus

A

Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius

81
Q

Actions of pronator quadratus

A

-Pronates forearm, deep fibers bind radius and ulna together

82
Q

Innervation of pronator quadratus

A

median nerve via anterior interosseous nerve

83
Q

What innervates the posterior forearm

A

The radial nerve-

  • Superficial branch of radial nerve (later, runs beneath brachioradialis)
  • Deep branch of radial nerve (posterior, becomes posterior interosseous nerve)
84
Q

The deep branch of the radial nerve continues as the

A

posterior interosseous nerve

85
Q

Superficial extensors of the forearm mostly attach to the

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

86
Q

Superficial extensors of the forearm

A
  • Brachioradialis (flexes elbow joint)
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digit minimi
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
87
Q

All muscles of the posterior forearm are innervated by the _____ via the ___________ or _______

A

radial nerve, via the deep branch of the radial nerve or posterior interosseous nerve

88
Q

Proximal attachment of brachioradialis

A

-Proximal 2/3 of supraepicondylar ridge of humerus

89
Q

Distal attachment of brachioradialis

A
  • Distal radius, proximal to styloid process
90
Q

Actions of brachioradialis

A

flexes forearm when it is pronated (about mid prone position)

91
Q

Innervation of brachioradialis

A

Radial nerve

92
Q

Proximal attachment of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

-lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

93
Q

distal attachment of extensors carpi radialis longus

A

Dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal

94
Q

Actions of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

extend and abduct hand at wrist

95
Q

Innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

radial nerve

96
Q

Proximal attachment of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

-Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)

97
Q

Distal attachment of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

-dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal

98
Q

Actions of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A
  • Extend and abduct hand at wrist
99
Q

Innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

deep branch of radial nerve

100
Q

proximal attachment of extensor digitorum

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)

101
Q

Distal attachment of extensor digitorum

A

extensor expansion of medial 4 fingers

102
Q

Actions of extensor digitorum

A

extends medial 4 fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints and somewhat at interphalangeal joints

103
Q

Innervation of extensor digitorum

A

posterior interosseous nerve

104
Q

Proximal attachment of extensor digit minimi

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)

105
Q

Distal attachment of extensor digit minimi

A

Extensor expansion of 5th finger

106
Q

Actions of extensor digit minimi

A

Extends 5th finger at metacarpophalangeal joint and secondarily at interphalangeal joint

107
Q

innervation of extensor digit minimi

A

posterior interosseous nerve

108
Q

Proximal attachment of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

-lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna

109
Q

Distal attachment of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal

110
Q

Actions of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

extends and adducts at wrist

111
Q

Innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

posterior interosseous nerve

112
Q

Deep extensors of forearm and hand

A
  • supinator
  • extensor indicis
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis
113
Q

All the deep extensors are innervated by

A

deep branch of the radial nerve, or the posterior interosseus nerve, which is the continuation of this same nerve

114
Q

proximal attachment of supinator

A
  • lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • Radial collateral and anular ligaments
  • Ulnar crest
115
Q

Distal attachment of supinator

A

proximal 1/3 of radius (nearly all surfaces, as it wraps around the bone)

116
Q

Actions of supinator

A

-supinates forearm, bringing radius back to anatomical position

117
Q

Innervation of supinator

A

deep branch of radial nerve

118
Q

Proximal attachement of Extensor inidicis

A

posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane

119
Q

Distal attachement of extensor indicis

A

Extensor expansion of 2nd finger

120
Q

Actions of extensor indicis

A

Independent extension of 2nd finger, but also helps with extension of wrist

121
Q

Innervation of extensor indicis

A
  • Posterior interosseous nerve (this nerve is the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve)
122
Q

What nerve is the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

123
Q

Proximal attachment of abductor pollcis longus

A

Posterior surface of proximal 1/2 of ulna and radius, interosseous membrane

124
Q

Distal attachement of abductor pollicis longus

A

base of 1st metacarpal

125
Q

Actions of abductor pollicis longus

A

Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint

126
Q

Innervation of abductor pollicis longus

A

posterior interosseous nerve

127
Q

Proximal attachment of extensor pollicis brevis

A
  • posterior surface of distal 1/3 of radius

- interosseous membrane

128
Q

Distal attachement of extensor pollicis brevis

A

Dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx of thumb

129
Q

Actions of extensor pollicis brevis

A

-extends proximal phalanx of thumb at its metacarpopalangeal joint, also extends carpometacarpal joint

130
Q

innervation of extensor pollicis brevis

A

posterior interosseous nerve

131
Q

Proximal attachment of extensor pollicis longus

A
  • posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna

- interosseous membrane

132
Q

Distal attachment of extensor pollicis longus

A
  • dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
133
Q

actions of extensor pollicis longus

A

extends distal phalanx of thumb at its interphalangeal joint and extends the metacarpopalangeal and carpometacarpal joints

134
Q

Innervation of extensor pollicis longus

A

posterior interosseous nerve

135
Q

parts of the anatomical snuff box

A
  • extensor pollicis longus (ulnar border-more medial)
  • Extensor pollicis brevis (radial border)
  • Abductor pollicis longus (runs with e.p. brevis)
136
Q

Causes of radial nerve injury

A

-fracture to the humeral shaft due to its relationship to the spiral groove.

137
Q

Symptoms of radial nerve injury

A
  • “wrist-drop”
  • Full or partial paralysis of the extensors of the wrist and fingers results in the inability to extend and thus the flexors “take-over” and the wrist assumes a partially flexed position
138
Q

proximal attachment of supinator

A
  • lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • Radial collateral and anular ligaments
  • Ulnar crest
139
Q

Distal attachment of supinator

A

proximal 1/3 of radius (nearly all surfaces, as it wraps around the bone)

140
Q

Actions of supinator

A

-supinates forearm, bringing radius back to anatomical position

141
Q

Innervation of supinator

A

deep branch of radial nerve

142
Q

Proximal attachement of Extensor inidicis

A

posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane

143
Q

Distal attachement of extensor indicis

A

Extensor expansion of 2nd finger

144
Q

Actions of extensor indicis

A

Independent extension of 2nd finger, but also helps with extension of wrist

145
Q

Innervation of extensor indicis

A
  • Posterior interosseous nerve (this nerve is the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve)
146
Q

What nerve is the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

147
Q

Proximal attachment of abductor pollcis longus

A

Posterior surface of proximal 1/2 of ulna and radius, interosseous membrane

148
Q

Distal attachement of abductor pollicis longus

A

base of 1st metacarpal

149
Q

Actions of abductor pollicis longus

A

Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint

150
Q

Innervation of abductor pollicis longus

A

posterior interosseous nerve

151
Q

Proximal attachment of extensor pollicis brevis

A
  • posterior surface of distal 1/3 of radius

- interosseous membrane

152
Q

Distal attachement of extensor pollicis brevis

A

Dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx of thumb

153
Q

Actions of extensor pollicis brevis

A

-extends proximal phalanx of thumb at its metacarpopalangeal joint, also extends carpometacarpal joint

154
Q

innervation of extensor pollicis brevis

A

posterior interosseous nerve

155
Q

Proximal attachment of extensor pollicis longus

A
  • posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna

- interosseous membrane

156
Q

Distal attachment of extensor pollicis longus

A
  • dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
157
Q

actions of extensor pollicis longus

A

extends distal phalanx of thumb at its interphalangeal joint and extends the metacarpopalangeal and carpometacarpal joints

158
Q

Innervation of extensor pollicis longus

A

posterior interosseous nerve

159
Q

parts of the anatomical snuff box

A
  • extensor pollicis longus (ulnar border-more medial)
  • Extensor pollicis brevis (radial border)
  • Abductor pollicis longus (runs with e.p. brevis)
160
Q

Causes of radial nerve injury

A

-fracture to the humeral shaft due to its relationship to the spiral groove.

161
Q

Symptoms of radial nerve injury

A
  • “wrist-drop”
  • Full or partial paralysis of the extensors of the wrist and fingers results in the inability to extend and thus the flexors “take-over” and the wrist assumes a partially flexed position

Anatomy Exam III material (9 decks)

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