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Anatomy Exam III material > Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

All anterior divisions converge on muscles that do what

A

Flexion

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2
Q

All posterior divisions converge on muscles that do what

A

extension

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3
Q

The long thoracic nerve receives components from what cervical nerves

A

C5,C6,C7

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4
Q

The superior trunk is composed of what spinal nerves

A

C5,C6

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5
Q

The suprascapular comes off what trunk

A

Superior trunk

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6
Q

The nerve to subclavius comes off the

A

superior trunk

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7
Q

innervation of the upper limb follows a _______ pattern

A

compartementalized pattern

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8
Q

THe anterior compartement of the upper arm is innervated by (flexors of the elbow joint)

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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9
Q

The posterior compartement of the upper arm is innervated by (extensors of the elbow joint

A

Radial nerve

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10
Q

The anterior compartment of the forearm (antebrachium) and hand is innervated by

A

Ulnar and median nerves

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11
Q

The posterior compartements of the forearm (antebrachium) and hand are innervated by

A

Radial nerve

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12
Q

What separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm (antebrachium)

A

The interosseous membrane

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13
Q

What nerve does more innervation of the hand the median or the ulnar

A

The ulnar

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14
Q

What innervates more of the forearm (antebrachium) median or ulnar

A

median

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15
Q

What does the median nerve innervate in the hand

A

mostly the thumb

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16
Q

Presentation of injuries to superior Trunk

A

Upper limb is adducted, medially rotated and elbow is extended and wrist is flexed (this is the “waiter’s tip” position)

17
Q

Injuries to the superior trunk can be result of

A

excessive, forceful increase in angle between neck and shoulder

18
Q

Erb’s palsy

A

Injury to superior trunk

  • sensory deficits: lateral aspect of upper limb
  • motor deficits:
    - loss of arm abduction
    - loss of elbow flexion
    - loss of forearm supination
    - weakness of wrist extension

Presentation: upper limb is adduct, medially rotated and elbow is extended and wrist is flexed (this is the “waiter’s tip” position)

19
Q

How can injuries to the inferior trunk occur

A

limb is suddenly and/or forcefully pulled in a superior direction

20
Q

Klumpke’s palsy

A
  • Injury to inferior trunk (C8 and T1)
  • Sensory deficits: medial aspect of upper limb (except axilla)
  • Motor deficits:
    • loss of precision finger movements
    • weakness in forearm pronation
    • weakness of wrist and finger extension
    • weakness of wrist and finger flexion

presentation: Primary clinical sign is “claw-hand” and there may also be wasting of intrinsic hand muscles. seen with attempted extension of digits, leaving 4th and 5th digits flexed

21
Q

Injuries to the radial nerve (C5-T1 spinal nerve roots) can occur

A
  • with mid-shaft fracture of the humerus
  • improper use of crutches
  • compression of that nerve (Saturday night palsy)
22
Q

Symptoms of radial nerve injury

A
  • extensors compartments affected
  • “wrist drop”
  • paresthesia and/or pain along course of nerves
23
Q

What is Saturday night palsy

A

radial nerve gets pinched due to certain sleep position resulting in loss of ability to extend wrist and digits
- results in paresthesia and/or pain along course of nerve

24
Q

Injuries to axillary nerve (C5 and C6 spinal nerve roots) can occur from

A
  • Can occur with fractures to the surgical neck of humerus or dislocation of the glenohumeral joint
  • Improper use of backpack (Quadrangular space syndrome; can also involve compression of posterior circumflex humeral artery)
25
Q

The brachial plexus is made up of the ventral rami of what spinal nerves

A

(C5-T1)

26
Q

Injuries to the axillary nerve (C5 and C6) can occur

A
  • with fractures to the surgical neck of the humerus or dislocation of the glenohumeral joint
  • improper use of backpack (Quadrangular space syndrome; can also involve compression of posterior circumflex humeral artery)
27
Q

Symptoms of injury to axillary nerve (C5 and C6)

A
  • patient would be unable to fully abduct their arm, and may have a diminished ability to laterally rotate arm
  • paresthesia and/or pain along course of the nerve
28
Q

Injuries to the long thoracic nerve (C5,C6,C7) causes

A
  • this nerve can be damaged during surgical removal of lymph nodes or other tissues in the axillary region
  • penetrating trauma to the axillary region can also damage this nerve
29
Q

What are the symptoms of injuries to the long thoracic nerve

A
  • Serratus anterior is affected

- “winged scapula”, inability to raise arms past 90 degrees

30
Q

Injuries to the Ulnar nerve (C8, T1, and often C7) causes

A
  • fracture of the medial epicondyle of humerus can damage this nerve.
  • Fracture of proximal ulna may also result in damage
  • Slashed wrist (medial side)
31
Q

Injuries to the Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1,and often C7) will result in

A
  • damage will involve flexors of wrist, digits, and intrinsic hand muscles
  • radial deviation at wrist joint, loss of abduction and adduction of fingers, weak wrist flexion and some loss of flexion of digits
  • losses depend on where nerve is damaged
32
Q

Injuries to the median Nerve (C6-T1) can be caused from

A

-injured by fracture of the humerus above the condyles, slashing of the wrist, or by inflammation or irritation in the carpal tunnel (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome)

33
Q

Injuries to the median nerve (C6-T1) result in

A
  • flexors of wrist and digits affected, also intrinsic hand muscles, particularly those that move digit 1 (thumb)
  • “Pope’s blessing” (when making a fist, unable to flex second and third digits) seen with attempted flexion of digits, where 2nd and 3rd digits are left extended
  • “ape hand” (thenar eminence atrophy and loss of thinner opposition)
  • Paresthesia and/or pain along median nerve
34
Q

“Pope’s Blessing” is

A
  • caused by injury to the median nerve (C6-T1)
  • when making a fist, unable to flex second and third digits
  • seen with attempted flexion of digits, where 2nd and 3rd digits are left extended
35
Q

What is “ape hand”

A
  • caused by injury to the median nerve (C6-T1)

- thenar eminence atrophy and loss of thinner opposition

Anatomy Exam III material (9 decks)

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