Gluteal region

Question 1

what exits the greater sciatic foramen

Answer 1

• Gluteal neuromuscular bundles
• piriformis m.
• Sciatic nerve
• Posterior Femoral Cutaneous nerve
• Pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery
• obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve

Question 2

What enters the lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 2

• Pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery

- Obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve

Question 3

What exits the lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 3

obturator internus

Question 4

What are the nerves of the gluteal region

Answer 4

• Cluneal nerves
  
  • Cutaneous
• Deep nerves
  
  • Sacral plexus branches
    
    • leave pelvis via greater sciatic foramen

Question 5

superior and middle cluneal (Clunial) nerves supply

Answer 5

superior 2/3; sacrum and adjacent area

Question 6

The superior and middle cluneal (clunial) nerves origin

Answer 6

lateral branches of dorsal rami

Question 7

Origin of the inferior cluneal (clunial) nerve

Answer 7

Gluteal branches of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1-S3 ventral rami branches)

Question 8

The inferior cluneal (clunial) nerve supply

Answer 8

inferior 1/3

Question 9

The superior gluteal nerve supplies

Answer 9

• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus minimus
• Tensor fasciae latae

Question 10

The inferior gluteal nerve supplies

Answer 10

-Gluteus Maximus

Question 11

Does the sciatic nerve supply any gluteal structures

Answer 11

No!

Question 12

Posterior hip dislocation can cause

Answer 12

• damage to the sciatic nerve
• may result in paralysis of hamstrings and muscle distal to the knee
• sensory change may occur in skin over the posterolateral aspects of the leg and most of the foot

Question 13

a hip fracture results in ___ rotation

Answer 13

lateral

Question 14

A hip dislocation results in _____ rotation

Answer 14

medial

Question 15

What nerve supplies more skin than any other cutaneous nerve

Answer 15

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1-S3)

Question 16

The obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve leaves pelvis via ______ and reenters pelvis via the _____

Answer 16

greater sciatic foramen, lesser sciatic foramen

Question 17

Quadratus femoris/inferior Gemellus nerve origin

Answer 17

L4-S1 ventral Rami

Question 18

Obturator internus/Superior Gemellus nerve origin

Answer 18

L5-S2 ventral Rami

Question 19

Origin of the Pudendal Nerve

Answer 19

Anterior divisions of S2-S4

Question 20

What is the most medial structure exiting the greater sciatic foramen

Answer 20

Pudendal Nerve

Question 21

What does the Pudendal nerve Supply

Answer 21

perineal structures

Question 22

Arteries of the gluteal region arise from the

Answer 22

internal Iliac artery

Question 23

What are the arteries of the gluteal region

Answer 23

• Superior Gluteal artery
• Inferior gluteal artery
• Internal pudendal artery

Question 24

The superior gluteal artery supplies blood to the

Answer 24

• Superior branch:
  
  • Supplies blood to the Gluteus Maximus
• Deep Branch:
  
  • Supplies blood to the Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, and Tensor fascia lata

Question 25

What is the largest internal iliac artery branch

Answer 25

Superior Gluteal artery

Question 26

The inferior gluteal artery supplies blood to

Answer 26

- Gluteus Maximus - Small lateral rotators - Superior hamstrings

Question 27

What are the parts of the cruciate anastomosis of thigh

Answer 27

- Inferior gluteal artery - Transverse branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery - Terminal part of the transverse branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery - First perforating artery

Question 28

The internal pudendal artery supplies blood to

Answer 28

perineal muscles and external genitalia

Question 29

Does the pudendal artery supply blood to the gluteal structures

Answer 29

No

Question 30

Where should infragluteal injections be made

Answer 30

in the supero-lateral part of gluteal region in order to avoid the sciatic nerve and other gluteal nerves and vessels

Question 31

What is the largest gluteal muscle

Answer 31

Gluteus Maximus

Question 32

Functions of the gluteus Maxiums

Answer 32

Chief extensor of the thigh and lateral rotation | Slight extension of leg when working with tensor fascia lata (note this is via the IT band)

Question 33

What innervates the gluteus Maximus

Answer 33

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)

Question 34

Function(s) of gluteus medius and minimus

Answer 34

thigh abduction and medial rotation (particularly the gluteus minimus)

Question 35

What innervates gluteus medius and minimus

Answer 35

Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)

Question 36

The tensor fascia Lata is innervated by

Answer 36

Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

Question 37

What are the functions of tensor fascia Lata

Answer 37

- abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh | - slight extension of knee along with the gluteus Maximus

Question 38

Function(s) of Iliotibial Tract

Answer 38

- Assists in decelerating adduction of thigh - laterally stablizes knee - extends leg, compensate for quadriceps paralysis via gluteus maximus flexion - pulls patella laterally, antagonist of vests medialis, and synergist with flexing vests laterals for this action - stretch to treat chondromalacia patella

Question 39

What is the cause of a positive Trendelenburg's sign (gluteal gait or limp)

Answer 39

-Superior gluteal nerve injury | effect- patten loses steadying action of gluteus medius and minimus

Question 40

Function of Piriformis

Answer 40

external rotation, abduction and extension of the hip joint; stabilization of the hip

Question 41

Innervation of the Piriformis

Answer 41

Direct branches from the sacral plexus (L5-S1) and the ventral rami (S1-S2)

Question 42

Innervation fo obturator externus

Answer 42

Obturator nerve (L3,L4)

Question 43

Bursa of the gluteal region

Answer 43

- Gluteofemoral bursa - Bursa of obturator internus - Ischial bursa