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Anatomy Exam III material > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

Joints of the Pectoral Girdle

A

Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint
Scapulothoracic joint
Sternoclavicular joint

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2
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the back function

A

move upper limb and pectoral girdle

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3
Q

Extrinsic (superficial/Hypaxial) muscles of the back are innervated by

A

one is is innervated by CN XI (Spinal Accessory nerve) the other by branches of the brachial plexus (ventral rami of spinal nerves)

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4
Q

Intrinsic (Deep/Epaxial) muscles of the back function (s)

A

support upright posture and allow movements of the vertebral column. They are also involved in proprioception

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5
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the back are innervated by

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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6
Q

All of the hypaxial (extrinsic/superficial) back muscles except for the trapezius are innervated by

A

The brachial plexus (ventral rami)

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7
Q

The most superficial layer of hypaxial (extrinsic) back muscles is

A

Trapezius and Latissiumus Dorsi

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8
Q

The Trapezius is innervated by

A

CN XI (Spinal Accessory)

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9
Q

The Deeper layer 2 extrinsic (hypaxial) back muscles are

A

Levator scapulae
Rhomboid Major
Rhomboid minor

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10
Q

Proximal attachment of the trapezius

A

External occipital protuberance of skull, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T-12 vertebrae

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11
Q

What muscles connect the axial skeleton with the superior appendicular skeleton (pectoral girdle and humerus)

A

superficial extrinsic back muscles (trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, and rhomboids)

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12
Q

The distal attachment of the Trapezius

A

lateral third of clavicle (anterior),

acromion and spine of scapula (posteriorly)

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13
Q

Actions of trapezius

A

Elevates, depresses, and retracts scapula

Rotates glenoid fossa superiorly

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14
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

Motor: CN XI (Spinal Accessory Nerve)
Sensory: Ventral Rami of C3 and C4

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15
Q

Proximal attachment of Latissimus dorsi

A
  • Spinous process of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae (T7-T12)
  • Inferior 3 ribs (10-12)
  • Thoracolumbar fascia
  • iliac crest
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16
Q

Distal attachment of latissimus dorsi

A

-Floor of intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) of humerus

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17
Q

Actions of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises torso towards arms during climbing

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18
Q

Innervation of latissimus Dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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19
Q

Which is more superior Rhomboid major or minor

A

Minor

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20
Q

What is the proximal attachment site (s) of the rhomboid major

A

Spinous processes of T2-T5

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21
Q

What is the proximal attachment site (s) for the rhomboid minor

A

Nuchal ligament

Spinous processes of C7-T1

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22
Q

What is the distal attachment site (s) for Rhomboid major

A

Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

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23
Q

What is the distal attachment site (s) for Rhomboid minor

A

Medial end of scapular spine

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24
Q

What are the actions of the major and minor rhomboids

A

-both retract, elevate, and rotate scapula downward, as well as fix it to the thoracic wall

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25
Q

Innervation of the major and minor rhomboids

A

Both are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve

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26
Q

Proximal attachment of the Levator scapulae

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of first 4 cervical vertebrae

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27
Q

Distal attachment(s) of elevator scapulae

A

Medial border of scapula superior to the scapular spine

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28
Q

Actions of Levator Scapulae

A

elevates scapula and tilts glenoid fossa inferiorly by rotating scapula (downward rotation)

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29
Q

Innervation of Levator Scapulae

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves (C3 and C4)

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30
Q

What 3 muscles move the scapula

A

Major and minor Rhomboids

Levator Scapulae

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31
Q

What is the third layer of extrinsic (hypaxial) back muscles

A

Serratus posterior superior

Serratus posterior inferior

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32
Q

Proximal attachement of serrates posterior superior

A

Nucal ligament

Spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae

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33
Q

Distal attachment of serrates posterior superior

A

Superior border of ribs 2-4

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34
Q

Actions of Serratus posterior superior

A

Elevates ribs

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35
Q

Serratus posterior superior is innervated by

A

T2-T5 intercostal nerves (ventral rami)

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36
Q

Proximal attachment (s) for Serratus posterior inferior

A

Spinous processes of T11-L2 vertebrae

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37
Q

Distal attachements (s) for Serratus posterior inferior

A

Inferior borders of ribs 8-12 (near their angles)

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38
Q

Action (s) of Serratus posterior inferior

A

Depress ribs

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39
Q

Innervation of Serratus posterior inferior

A

Intercostal nerves and subcostal nerve (ventral rami)

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40
Q

What are the 2 major groups of epaxial back muscles

A 
Erector Spinae Group (Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis)
Transversospinalis Group (rotators, Multifidus, Semispinalis)
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41
Q

What are the two splenius intrinsic muscles of the back

A

Splenius cervicis

Splenius Capitis

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42
Q

Origin of Splenius capitus and Splenius Cervicis

A

Both arise from nuchal ligament (ligament nuchae) and spinous processes of T1-T6 vertebrae

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43
Q

Insertion (s) of Splenius cervicis

A

tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

44
Q

Insertion (s) of Splenius capitis

A

Lateral parts of mastoid processes and superior nuchal line

45
Q

Actions of Splenius capitus and Splenius cervicis

A
  • Bilaterally: extend head and neck

- Unilaterally: laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of contracting muscle

46
Q

Innervation of splenius capitus and splenius cervicis

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

47
Q

The erector spine group is composed of

A
  • iliocostalis
  • longissimus
  • spinalis
48
Q

Actions of erector spinae muscle group

A

Bilaterally: extend vertebral column and head
unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column

49
Q

Innervation of erector spinae muscle group

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

50
Q

Iliocostalis origin

A

Bad common tendon attaches to iliac crest, posterior part of sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament

51
Q

what is the most lateral portion of the erector spinae group

A

iliocostalis

52
Q

The iliocostalis has what three parts

A

Iliocostalis cervicis
Iliocostalis Thoracis
Iliocostalis Lumborum

53
Q

Insertions of iliocostalis lumborum

A

ribs 6-12

54
Q

Insertions of Iliocostalis thoracis

A

Ribs 1-6

55
Q

Insertions for iliocostalis cervicis

A

Ribs 1-6 and posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 4-6

56
Q

Origin of Longissimus Thoracis

A

-Broad common tendon attaches to iliac crest, posterior part of sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament

57
Q

The longissimus muscle is composed of what three parts

A

Longissimus capitis
Longissimus Cervicis
Longissimus Thoracis

58
Q

What is the middle portion of the erector spinae group

A

Longissimus

59
Q

What is the insertion of the Longissimus Thoracis

A

Ribs and adjacent transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae

60
Q

What is the origin of the Longissimus Cervicis

A

transverse process of cervical vertebrae

61
Q

What is the insertion (s) of Longissimus Cervicis

A

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

62
Q

What is the origin of Longissimus Capitis

A

Transverse process of cervical vertebrae

63
Q

What is the insertion of longissimus Capitis

A

Mastoid process

64
Q

What are the three regional parts of the Spinalis

A

Capitis
Cervicis
Thoracis

65
Q

The spinals thoracis origin

A

on spinous process and insert on spinous process superior to them

66
Q

is it true that the spinalis crevicis and spinalis capitis can be difficult to differentiate, and capitis can be entirely missing

A

yes

67
Q

The deep layer of intrinsic back muscles is what group

A

Transversospinalis group (Semispinalis, Rotatores, multifidus)

68
Q

What innervates the Transversospinalis group

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

69
Q

What is the intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles

A

Erector spinae group (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)

70
Q

What is the most superficial layer of intrinsic back muscles

A

Splenius

71
Q

What are the three parts of Semispinalis

A

Cervicis, Capitis, thoracis

72
Q

Origin of semispinalis

A

transverse processes (C4-T12)

73
Q

attachment of semispinalis capitis

A

From transverse processes of 1st-6th thoracic vertebrae to nuchal line

74
Q

Attachement sites for semi spinal thoracis

A

transverse to spinous processes in thoracic region

75
Q

Attachment site for semispinalis cervicis

A

Cervical transverse processes to spinous processes of 2nd cervical vertebra

76
Q

Attachment site for semispinalis thoracis

A

Transverse to spinous processes in thoracic region

77
Q

The Semispinalis capitis is superficial to

A

semispinalis cervicis

78
Q

What is the action of semispinalis

A

extend head, thoracic and cervical regions, rotates them contralaterally

79
Q

What is the most superficial member of the transversospinalis

A

Semispinalis

80
Q

What is the middle layer of transversospinalis

A

Multifidus

81
Q

What covers lamina and span vertebral segments form sacrum all the way to 2nd cervical vertebra

A

Multifidus

82
Q

The multifidus originates

A

on transverse processes and insert on spinous processes

83
Q

The multifidus is easiest to see in what region

A

Lumbar region

84
Q

what is the action of multifidus

A

Stabilizes vertebrae during localized movements of vertebral column

85
Q

What are the deepest of the three layers of transversospinal muscles

A

Rotatores

86
Q

The Rotatores are most developed in the

A

thoracic region

87
Q

Action of Rotatores

A

extend head, thoracic and cervical regions; rotates them contralaterally

88
Q

2 parts of rotatores

A

Brevis and longus

89
Q

Attachment of brevis

A

Transverse process of one vertebra to base of spinous process of next vertebra above (spans one intervertebral joint)

90
Q

Attachment of longus

A

Transverse process of one vertebra to spinous process of 2nd vertebra above (spans 2 intervertebral joints)

91
Q

The longus spans how many intervertebral joints

A

2

92
Q

The braves spans how many intervertebral joints

A

1

93
Q

The rotatores are easiest to see in what region

A

Thoracic region

94
Q

Segmental intrinsic back muscles

A
  • Interspinales
  • Intertransversari
  • Levator costarum
95
Q

What innervates the interpsinales

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

96
Q

What innervates intertransversari muslces

A

Dorasl and ventral rami of spinal nerves

97
Q

What innervates Levator costar

A

dorsal rami of C8-T11 spinal nerves

98
Q

In the suboccipital region the splines and semispinalis capitis overlay these

A
  • Rectus Capitis posterior Major
  • Rectus Capitis posterior minor
  • Obliquus Capitis superior
    - (superior oblique capitis)
  • Obliquus capitis inferior
    - (inferior oblique capitis)
99
Q

What muscles make up the suboccipital triangle

A
  • Rectus Capitis posterior Major
  • Rectus Capitis posterior minor
  • Obliquus Capitis superior
    - (superior oblique capitis)
  • Obliquus capitis inferior
    - (inferior oblique capitis)
100
Q

muscles of the suboccipital triangle are innervated by

A

suboccipital nerve (the dorsal rami of C1)

101
Q

Actions of suboccipital triangle

A
  • mainly postural muscles

- also aid in extension and rotation at atlantoaxial joint

102
Q

Suboccipital region: Nerves and Vessels

A

Vertebral artery
Suboccipital nerve
Greater occipital nerve

103
Q

Suboccipital nerve

A
  • dorsal rams of C-1
  • Between skull and atlas
  • motor to all triangle muscles
104
Q

Greater occipital nerve

A

Dorsal rams of C-2
Between atlas and axis
sensory fibers only

105
Q

The posterior atlanto-occipital membrane is continuous with

A

ligamentum flava

Anatomy Exam III material (9 decks)

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