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Anatomy Exam III material > Back > Flashcards

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1
Q

Joints of the Pectoral Girdle

A

Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint
Scapulothoracic joint
Sternoclavicular joint

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2
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the back function

A

move upper limb and pectoral girdle

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3
Q

Extrinsic (superficial/Hypaxial) muscles of the back are innervated by

A

one is is innervated by CN XI (Spinal Accessory nerve) the other by branches of the brachial plexus (ventral rami of spinal nerves)

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4
Q

Intrinsic (Deep/Epaxial) muscles of the back function (s)

A

support upright posture and allow movements of the vertebral column. They are also involved in proprioception

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5
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the back are innervated by

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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6
Q

All of the hypaxial (extrinsic/superficial) back muscles except for the trapezius are innervated by

A

The brachial plexus (ventral rami)

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7
Q

The most superficial layer of hypaxial (extrinsic) back muscles is

A

Trapezius and Latissiumus Dorsi

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8
Q

The Trapezius is innervated by

A

CN XI (Spinal Accessory)

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9
Q

The Deeper layer 2 extrinsic (hypaxial) back muscles are

A

Levator scapulae
Rhomboid Major
Rhomboid minor

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10
Q

Proximal attachment of the trapezius

A

External occipital protuberance of skull, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T-12 vertebrae

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11
Q

What muscles connect the axial skeleton with the superior appendicular skeleton (pectoral girdle and humerus)

A

superficial extrinsic back muscles (trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, and rhomboids)

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12
Q

The distal attachment of the Trapezius

A

lateral third of clavicle (anterior),

acromion and spine of scapula (posteriorly)

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13
Q

Actions of trapezius

A

Elevates, depresses, and retracts scapula

Rotates glenoid fossa superiorly

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14
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

Motor: CN XI (Spinal Accessory Nerve)
Sensory: Ventral Rami of C3 and C4

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15
Q

Proximal attachment of Latissimus dorsi

A
  • Spinous process of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae (T7-T12)
  • Inferior 3 ribs (10-12)
  • Thoracolumbar fascia
  • iliac crest
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16
Q

Distal attachment of latissimus dorsi

A

-Floor of intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) of humerus

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17
Q

Actions of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises torso towards arms during climbing

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18
Q

Innervation of latissimus Dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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19
Q

Which is more superior Rhomboid major or minor

A

Minor

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20
Q

What is the proximal attachment site (s) of the rhomboid major

A

Spinous processes of T2-T5

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21
Q

What is the proximal attachment site (s) for the rhomboid minor

A

Nuchal ligament

Spinous processes of C7-T1

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22
Q

What is the distal attachment site (s) for Rhomboid major

A

Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

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23
Q

What is the distal attachment site (s) for Rhomboid minor

A

Medial end of scapular spine

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24
Q

What are the actions of the major and minor rhomboids

A

-both retract, elevate, and rotate scapula downward, as well as fix it to the thoracic wall

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25
Innervation of the major and minor rhomboids
Both are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve
26
Proximal attachment of the Levator scapulae
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of first 4 cervical vertebrae
27
Distal attachment(s) of elevator scapulae
Medial border of scapula superior to the scapular spine
28
Actions of Levator Scapulae
elevates scapula and tilts glenoid fossa inferiorly by rotating scapula (downward rotation)
29
Innervation of Levator Scapulae
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves (C3 and C4)
30
What 3 muscles move the scapula
Major and minor Rhomboids | Levator Scapulae
31
What is the third layer of extrinsic (hypaxial) back muscles
Serratus posterior superior | Serratus posterior inferior
32
Proximal attachement of serrates posterior superior
Nucal ligament | Spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae
33
Distal attachment of serrates posterior superior
Superior border of ribs 2-4
34
Actions of Serratus posterior superior
Elevates ribs
35
Serratus posterior superior is innervated by
T2-T5 intercostal nerves (ventral rami)
36
Proximal attachment (s) for Serratus posterior inferior
Spinous processes of T11-L2 vertebrae
37
Distal attachements (s) for Serratus posterior inferior
Inferior borders of ribs 8-12 (near their angles)
38
Action (s) of Serratus posterior inferior
Depress ribs
39
Innervation of Serratus posterior inferior
Intercostal nerves and subcostal nerve (ventral rami)
40
What are the 2 major groups of epaxial back muscles
``` Erector Spinae Group (Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis) Transversospinalis Group (rotators, Multifidus, Semispinalis) ```
41
What are the two splenius intrinsic muscles of the back
Splenius cervicis | Splenius Capitis
42
Origin of Splenius capitus and Splenius Cervicis
Both arise from nuchal ligament (ligament nuchae) and spinous processes of T1-T6 vertebrae
43
Insertion (s) of Splenius cervicis
tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
44
Insertion (s) of Splenius capitis
Lateral parts of mastoid processes and superior nuchal line
45
Actions of Splenius capitus and Splenius cervicis
- Bilaterally: extend head and neck | - Unilaterally: laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of contracting muscle
46
Innervation of splenius capitus and splenius cervicis
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
47
The erector spine group is composed of
- iliocostalis - longissimus - spinalis
48
Actions of erector spinae muscle group
Bilaterally: extend vertebral column and head unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column
49
Innervation of erector spinae muscle group
dorsal rami of spinal nerves
50
Iliocostalis origin
Bad common tendon attaches to iliac crest, posterior part of sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament
51
what is the most lateral portion of the erector spinae group
iliocostalis
52
The iliocostalis has what three parts
Iliocostalis cervicis Iliocostalis Thoracis Iliocostalis Lumborum
53
Insertions of iliocostalis lumborum
ribs 6-12
54
Insertions of Iliocostalis thoracis
Ribs 1-6
55
Insertions for iliocostalis cervicis
Ribs 1-6 and posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 4-6
56
Origin of Longissimus Thoracis
-Broad common tendon attaches to iliac crest, posterior part of sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament
57
The longissimus muscle is composed of what three parts
Longissimus capitis Longissimus Cervicis Longissimus Thoracis
58
What is the middle portion of the erector spinae group
Longissimus
59
What is the insertion of the Longissimus Thoracis
Ribs and adjacent transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
60
What is the origin of the Longissimus Cervicis
transverse process of cervical vertebrae
61
What is the insertion (s) of Longissimus Cervicis
Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
62
What is the origin of Longissimus Capitis
Transverse process of cervical vertebrae
63
What is the insertion of longissimus Capitis
Mastoid process
64
What are the three regional parts of the Spinalis
Capitis Cervicis Thoracis
65
The spinals thoracis origin
on spinous process and insert on spinous process superior to them
66
is it true that the spinalis crevicis and spinalis capitis can be difficult to differentiate, and capitis can be entirely missing
yes
67
The deep layer of intrinsic back muscles is what group
Transversospinalis group (Semispinalis, Rotatores, multifidus)
68
What innervates the Transversospinalis group
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
69
What is the intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles
Erector spinae group (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
70
What is the most superficial layer of intrinsic back muscles
Splenius
71
What are the three parts of Semispinalis
Cervicis, Capitis, thoracis
72
Origin of semispinalis
transverse processes (C4-T12)
73
attachment of semispinalis capitis
From transverse processes of 1st-6th thoracic vertebrae to nuchal line
74
Attachement sites for semi spinal thoracis
transverse to spinous processes in thoracic region
75
Attachment site for semispinalis cervicis
Cervical transverse processes to spinous processes of 2nd cervical vertebra
76
Attachment site for semispinalis thoracis
Transverse to spinous processes in thoracic region
77
The Semispinalis capitis is superficial to
semispinalis cervicis
78
What is the action of semispinalis
extend head, thoracic and cervical regions, rotates them contralaterally
79
What is the most superficial member of the transversospinalis
Semispinalis
80
What is the middle layer of transversospinalis
Multifidus
81
What covers lamina and span vertebral segments form sacrum all the way to 2nd cervical vertebra
Multifidus
82
The multifidus originates
on transverse processes and insert on spinous processes
83
The multifidus is easiest to see in what region
Lumbar region
84
what is the action of multifidus
Stabilizes vertebrae during localized movements of vertebral column
85
What are the deepest of the three layers of transversospinal muscles
Rotatores
86
The Rotatores are most developed in the
thoracic region
87
Action of Rotatores
extend head, thoracic and cervical regions; rotates them contralaterally
88
2 parts of rotatores
Brevis and longus
89
Attachment of brevis
Transverse process of one vertebra to base of spinous process of next vertebra above (spans one intervertebral joint)
90
Attachment of longus
Transverse process of one vertebra to spinous process of 2nd vertebra above (spans 2 intervertebral joints)
91
The longus spans how many intervertebral joints
2
92
The braves spans how many intervertebral joints
1
93
The rotatores are easiest to see in what region
Thoracic region
94
Segmental intrinsic back muscles
- Interspinales - Intertransversari - Levator costarum
95
What innervates the interpsinales
dorsal rami of spinal nerves
96
What innervates intertransversari muslces
Dorasl and ventral rami of spinal nerves
97
What innervates Levator costar
dorsal rami of C8-T11 spinal nerves
98
In the suboccipital region the splines and semispinalis capitis overlay these
- Rectus Capitis posterior Major - Rectus Capitis posterior minor - Obliquus Capitis superior - (superior oblique capitis) - Obliquus capitis inferior - (inferior oblique capitis)
99
What muscles make up the suboccipital triangle
- Rectus Capitis posterior Major - Rectus Capitis posterior minor - Obliquus Capitis superior - (superior oblique capitis) - Obliquus capitis inferior - (inferior oblique capitis)
100
muscles of the suboccipital triangle are innervated by
suboccipital nerve (the dorsal rami of C1)
101
Actions of suboccipital triangle
- mainly postural muscles | - also aid in extension and rotation at atlantoaxial joint
102
Suboccipital region: Nerves and Vessels
Vertebral artery Suboccipital nerve Greater occipital nerve
103
Suboccipital nerve
- dorsal rams of C-1 - Between skull and atlas - motor to all triangle muscles
104
Greater occipital nerve
Dorsal rams of C-2 Between atlas and axis sensory fibers only
105
The posterior atlanto-occipital membrane is continuous with
ligamentum flava

Anatomy Exam III material (9 decks)

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