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Clinical Anatomy > Upper Limb Musculature > Flashcards

Upper Limb Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anterior axio-appendicular muscles?

A

Pectoralis Major

Pectoralis Minor

Subclavius

Serratus anterior

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2
Q

Innervation of Pectoralis Major?

A

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

Clavicular head (C5, C6)

Sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1)

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3
Q

Action of Pectoralis Major?

A

Adducts and medially rotates humerus; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly.

Acting alone, clavicular head flexes humerus and sternocostal head extends it from the flexed position.

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4
Q

Innervation of Pectoralis Minor?

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

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5
Q

Action of Pectoralis Minor?

A

Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

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6
Q

Innervation of Subclavius?

A

Nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)

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7
Q

Action of Subclavius?

A

Anchors and depresses clavicle

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8
Q

Innervation of Serratus anterior?

A

Long Thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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9
Q

Action of Serratus anterior?

A

Protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall; rotates scapula

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10
Q

What are the posterior axio-appendicular muscles?

A

Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

Levator Scapulae

Rhomboid major and minor

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11
Q

What are the DEEP posterior axio-appendicular muscles?

A

Levator Scapulae

Rhomboid major and minor

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12
Q

What are the SUPERFICIAL posterior axio-appendicular muscles?

A

Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

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13
Q

Innervation of Trapezius?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) (motor fibers)

C3, C4 spinal nerves (pain and proprioceptive fibers)

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14
Q

Action of Trapezius?

A

Descending part elevates

Ascending part depresses

Middle part (or all parts together) retracts scapula

Descending and Ascending together rotate glenoid cavity superiorly

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15
Q

Innervation of Latissimus Dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)

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16
Q

Action of Latissimus Dorsi?

A

Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus; raises body toward arms during climbing

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17
Q

Innervation of Levator Scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular (C4, C5) and cervical nerves (C3, C4)

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18
Q

Action of Levator Scapulae?

A

Elevates scapula and roates its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

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19
Q

Innervation of Rhomboid major and minor?

A

Dorsal scapular (C4, C5)

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20
Q

Action of Rhomboid major and minor?

A

Retract scapula and rotate its glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall

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21
Q

What are the Scapulohumeral (Intrinsic Shoulder) Muscles?

A

Deltoid

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

Teres Major

Subscapularis

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22
Q

What are the Scapulohumeral (Intrinsic Shoulder) Muscles?

A

Deltoid

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

Teres Major

Subscapularis

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23
Q

Innervation of Deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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24
Q

Action of Deltoid?

A

Clavicular (anterior) part: flexes and medially rotates arm

Acromial (medial) part: abducts arm

Spinal (Posterior) part: extends and laterally rotates arm

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25
Q

Innervation of Supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

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26
Q

Action of Supraspinatus?

A

Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles

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27
Q

Innervation of Infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

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28
Q

Action of Infraspinatus?

A

Laterally rotates arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles

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29
Q

Innervation of Teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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30
Q

Action of Teres minor?

A

Laterally rotates arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles

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31
Q

Innervation of Teres major?

A

Lower of subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

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32
Q

Action of Teres major?

A

Adducts and medially rotates arm

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33
Q

Innervation of Subscapularis?

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)

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34
Q

Action of Subscapularis?

A

Medially rotates arm; as part of rotator cuff, helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity

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35
Q

Action of all the rotator muscles TOGETHER?

A

Hold humeral head in the glenoid cavity of the scapula

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36
Q

Proximal Attachment of Supraspinatus?

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

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37
Q

Proximal Attachment of Infraspinatus?

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

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38
Q

Proximal Attachment of Teres mino

A

Middle part of the lateral border of scapula

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39
Q

Proximal Attachment of Subscapularis

A

Subscapular fossa (Anterior surface of scapula)

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40
Q

Distal Attachment of Supraspinatus?

A

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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41
Q

Distal Attachment of Infraspinatus

A

Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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42
Q

Distal Attachment of Teres minor

A

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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43
Q

Distal Attachment of Subscapularis

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

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44
Q

Acronym for Rotator Cuff Muscles attachment at humerus?

A

SSIT (Draw a hand label, starting at thumb)

Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor

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45
Q

What are the muscles of the arm?

A

Biceps Brachii

Coracobrachialis

Brachialis

Triceps Brachii

Anconeus

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46
Q

Innervation of Biceps Brachii?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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47
Q

Innervation of Coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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48
Q

Innervation of Coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

49
Q

Action of Coracobrachialis?

A

Helps flex and adduct arm

Resists dislocation of shoulder

50
Q

Innervation of Brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6) and some of lateral part by branch of radial nerve (C5, C7)

51
Q

Action of Brachialis?

A

Flexes forearm in all positions

52
Q

Innervation of Triceps Brachii?

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

53
Q

Action of Triceps Brachii?

A

Chief extensor of forearm

Long head resists dislocation of humerus

Especially important during adduction

54
Q

Innervation of Anconeus?

A

Radial Nerve (C7, C8, T1)

55
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of forearm?

A

The Flexors!!!!

Pronator teres

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator quadratus

56
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of forearm?

A

The Flexors!!!!

Pronator teres

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator quadratus

57
Q

What are the flexors in the superficial (1st) layer?

A

Pronator teres

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

58
Q

What is the flexor in the intermediate (2nd) layer?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

59
Q

What are the flexors in the deep (3rd) layer?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator quadratus

60
Q

What is the innervation of the Pronator Teres?

A

Median nerve (C6, C7)

61
Q

What is the action of the Pronator Teres?

A

Pronates and flexes forearm (at elbow)

62
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median nerve (C7, C8)

63
Q

What is the innervation of the Palmaris Longus?

A

Median nerve (C7, C8)

64
Q

What is the innervation of the Palmaris Longus?

A

Median nerve (C7, C8)

65
Q

What is the action of the Palmaris Longus?

A

Flexes hand (at wrist) and tense palmar aponeurosis

66
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve (C7, C8)

67
Q

What is the action of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Flexes and adducts hand (at wrist)

68
Q

Innervation of Flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Median nerve (C7, C8, T1)

69
Q

Actions of Flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of middle four digits; acting more strongly, it also flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints

70
Q

Innervation of Flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Medial Part: Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

Lateral part: Anterior Interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8, T1)

71
Q

Action of Flexor digitorum profundus?

A

MEDIAL part: Flexes distal phalanges 4 and 5 at distal interphalangeal joints

LATERAL part: Flexes distal phalanges 2 and 3 at distal interphalangeal joints

72
Q

Innervation of Flexor pollicis longus?

A

Anterior Interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8, T1)

73
Q

Action of Flexor pollicis longus?

A

Flexes phalanges of 1st digit (thumb)

74
Q

Innervation of Pronator quadratus?

A

Anterior Interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8, T1)

75
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior Compartment of the Forearm?

A

The Extensors!!!!

Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extensor digitorum

Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Supinator

Extensor indicis

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicus longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

76
Q

What are in the SUPERFICIAL layer of the muscles of the posterior Compartment of the Forearm?

A

Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extensor digitorum

Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor carpi ulnaris

77
Q

What are in the SUPERFICIAL layer of the muscles of the posterior Compartment of the Forearm?

A

Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extensor digitorum

Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor carpi ulnaris

78
Q

What are in the OUTCROPPING muscles of deep layer of the muscles of the posterior Compartment of the Forearm?

A

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicus longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

79
Q

What are in the OUTCROPPING muscles of deep layer of the muscles of the posterior Compartment of the Forearm?

A

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicus longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

80
Q

Innervation of Brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve (C5, C6, C7)

81
Q

Action of Brachioradialis?

A

Relatively weak flexion of forearm; maximal when forearm is in mid pronated position

82
Q

Innervation of Extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Radial nerve ( C6, C7)

83
Q

Innervation of of Extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

84
Q

Innervation of of Extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

85
Q

Innervation of Extensor digitorum?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

86
Q

Innervation of Extensor digitorum?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

87
Q

Action of Extensor digitorum?

A

Extends medial four digits primarily at metacarpophalangeal joints, secondarily at interphalangeal joints

88
Q

Innervation of Extensor digiti minimi?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

89
Q

Action of Extensor digiti minimi?

A

Extends 5th digit primarily at metacarpophalangeal joint, secondarily at interphalangeal joing

90
Q

Innervation of Extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

91
Q

Action of Extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint (also active during fist clenching)

92
Q

Innervation of Suppinator?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

93
Q

Innervation of extensor indicis?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

94
Q

Innervation of extensor indicis?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

95
Q

Action of extensor indicis?

A

extends 2nd digit (enabling its independent extension); helps extend hand at wrist

96
Q

Innervation of:

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicus longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

97
Q

Action of Abductor pollicis longus?

A

Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint

98
Q

Action of Extensor pollicus longus?

A

Extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint; extends metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints

99
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Adductor pollicis

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Opponens digiti

Lumbricals

Dorsal Interossei, 1st-4th

Palmar interossei, 1st-3rd

100
Q

What are the thenar muscles?

A

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Adductor pollicis

101
Q

What are the Hypothenar muscles?

A

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Opponens digiti

102
Q

What are the short muscles?

A

Lumbricals

Dorsal Interossei, 1st-4th

Palmar interossei, 1st-3rd

103
Q

Innervation of:

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis

Flexor pollicis brevis (Superficial Head only)

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)

104
Q

Innervation of:

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis

Flexor pollicis (Superficial Head only)

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)

105
Q

Action of Opponens pollicis?

A

To oppose thumb, it draws 1st metacarpal medially to center of palm and rotates it medially

106
Q

Action of Abductor pollicis?

A

Abducts thumb; helps oppose it

107
Q

Action of Flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexes thumb

108
Q

Innervation of:

Flexor pollicis brevis (DEEP Head only)

Adductor pollicis

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

109
Q

Innervation of Hypothenar muscles?

Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi brevis, Opponens digiti

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

110
Q

Innervation of Hypothenar muscles?

Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi brevis, Opponens digiti

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

111
Q

Action of Abductor digiti minimi?

A

Abducts 5th digit; assists in flexion of its proximal phalanx

112
Q

Action of Flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

113
Q

Action of Opponens digiti?

A

Draws 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it, bringing 5th digit into opposition with thumb

114
Q

Innervation of Lumbricals (1st and 2nd)?

A

Median nerve (C8, T1)?

115
Q

Action of Lumbricals?

A

Flex metacarpophalangeal joints; extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd-5th digits

116
Q

Innervation of 3rd and 4th Lumbricals, Dorsal Interossei, 1st-4th, Palmar interossei, 1st-3rd

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

117
Q

Action of Dorsal Interossei, 1st-4th?

A

Abduct 2nd-4th digits from axial line; act with lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints

118
Q

Action of Palmar interossei, 1st-3rd

A

Adduct 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits toward axial line; assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints; extensor expansions of 2nd-4th digits

Clinical Anatomy (17 decks)

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