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Clinical Anatomy > Muscles of Scalp and Face > Flashcards

Muscles of Scalp and Face Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of Occipitofrontalis - Front belly

A

Epicranial aponeurosis

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2
Q

Insertion of Occipitofrontalis - Front belly

A

Skin and subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead

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3
Q

Action of Occipitofrontalis - Front belly

A

Elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead; protracts scalp (indicating surprise or curiosity)

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4
Q

Innervation of Occipitofrontalis - Front belly

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII), temporal branch of partoid pelxus

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5
Q

Origin of Occipitofrontalis - Occipital belly

A

Lateral two thirds of superior nuchal line

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6
Q

Insertion of Occipitofrontalis - Occipital belly

A

Epicranial aponeurosis

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7
Q

Action of Occipitofrontalis - Occipital belly

A

Retracts scalp; increasing effectiveness of frontal belly

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8
Q

Innervation of Occipitofrontalis - Occipital belly

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII), posterior auricular branch

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9
Q

Origin of Orbicularis Oculi (Orbital sphincter)

A

Medial orbital margin; medial palpebral ligament; lacrimal bone

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10
Q

Insertion of of Orbicularis Oculi (Orbital sphincter)

A

Skin around margin of orbit; superior and inferior tarsal plates

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11
Q

Action of of Orbicularis Oculi (Orbital sphincter)

A

Closes eyelids: palpebral part does so gently; orbital part tightly (winking)

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12
Q

Innervation of Orbicularis Oculi (Orbital sphincter)

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII), temporal and zygomatic branch of parotid plexus

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13
Q

Origin of Procerus plus transverse part of nasalis

A

Fascia aponeurosis covering nasal bone and lateral nasal cartilage

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14
Q

Insertion of Procerus plus transverse part of nasalis

A

Skin of inferior forehead, between eyebrows

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15
Q

Actions of Procerus plus transverse part of nasalis

A

Depresses medial end of eyebrow; wrinkles skin over dorsum of nose (conveying disdain or dislike)

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16
Q

Innervation of Procerus plus transverse part of nasalis

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII). buccal branch parotid plexus

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17
Q

Origin of Orbicularis Oris (Oral Sphincter)

A

Medial maxilla and mandible; deep surface of peri-oral skin; angle of mouth (modiolus)

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18
Q

Insertion of Orbicularis Oris (Oral Sphincter)

A

Mucous membrane of lips

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19
Q

Action of Orbicularis Oris (Oral Sphincter)

A

Tonus closes oral fissure; phasic contraction compresses and protrudes lips (kissing) or resists distension (when blowing)

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20
Q

Innervation of Orbicularis Oris (Oral Sphincter)

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII), buccal branch parotid plexus

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21
Q

Origin of Levator Labii Superioris

A

Infra-orbital margin (Maxilla)

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22
Q

Insertion of Levator Labii Superioris

A

Skin of upper lip

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23
Q

Action of of Levator Labii Superioris

A

Part of dilators of mouth; retract (elevate) and/or evert upper lip; deepen nasolabial sulcus (showing sadness)

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24
Q

Innervation of Levator Labii Superioris

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII), buccal branch of parotid plexus

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25
Q

Origin of Zygomaticus minor

A

Anterior aspect, zygomatic bone

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26
Q

Insertion of Zygomaticus minor

A

Skin of upper lip

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27
Q

Action of Zygomaticus minor

A

Part of dilators of mouth; retract (elevate) and/or evert upper lip; deepen nasolabial sulcus (showing sadness)

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28
Q

Innervation of zygomaticus minor

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII), buccal branch of parotid plexus

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29
Q

Origin of Buccinator

A

Mandible, alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe

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30
Q

Insertion of of Buccinator

A

Angle of mouth (modiolus); orbicularis oris

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31
Q

Action of Buccinator

A

Presses cheek against molar teeth; works with tongue to keep food between occlusal surfaces and out of oral vestibule; resists distension (when blowing)

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32
Q

Innervation of Buccinator

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII), buccal branch of parotid plexus

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33
Q

Origin of Zygomaticus Major

A

Lateral aspect of zygomatic bone

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34
Q

Insertion of of Zygomaticus Major

A

Angle of mouth (modiolus)

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35
Q

Action of Zygomaticus Major

A

Part of dilators of mouth; elevate labial commissure-bilaterally to smile (happiness); unilaterally to sneer (disdain)

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36
Q

Innervation of Zygomaticus Major

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII), buccal branch of parotid plexus

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37
Q

Origin of Levator anguli oris

A

Infra-orbital maxilla (canine fossa)

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38
Q

Insertion of Levator anguli oris

A

Angle of mouth (modiolus)

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39
Q

Action of Levator anguli oris

A

Part of dilators of mouth; widens oral fissure, as when grinning or grimacing

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40
Q

Innervation of Levator anguli oris

A

Facial nerve (CN VII), buccal branch of parotid plexus

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41
Q

Origin of Risorius

A

Parotid fascia and buccal skin (highly vascularized)

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42
Q

Insertion of Risorius

A

Angle of mouth (modiolus)

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43
Q

Action of of Risorius

A

Part of dilators of mouth; depresses labial commisure bilaterally to frown (sadness)

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44
Q

Innervation of of Risorius

A

Facial nerve (CN VII), buccal branch of parotid plexus

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45
Q

Origin of Depressor anguli oris

A

Anterolateral base of mandible

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46
Q

Insertion of Depressor anguli oris

A

Angle of mouth (modiolus)

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47
Q

Action of Depressor anguli oris

A

Part of dilators of mouth; depresses labial commisure bilaterally to frown (sadness)

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48
Q

Innervation of Depressor anguli oris

A

Facial nerve (CN VII), marginal mandibular branch of parotid plexus

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49
Q

Origin of Depressor labii inferioris

A

Platysma and anterolateral body of mandible

50
Q

Insertion of Depressor labii inferioris

A

Skin of lower lip

51
Q

Action of Depressor labii inferioris

A

Part of dilators of mouth; retracts (depresses) and/or everts lower lip (pouting, sadness)

52
Q

Innervation of Depressor labii inferioris

A

Facial nerve (CN VII), marginal mandibular branch of parotid plexus

53
Q

Origin of Mentalis

A

Body of mandible (anterior to roots of inferior incisors)

54
Q

Insertion of Mentalis

A

Skin of chin (mentolabial sulcus)

55
Q

Action of Mentalis

A

Elevates and protrudes lower lip; elevates skin of chin (showing doubt)

56
Q

Innervation of Mentalis

A

Facial nerve (CN VII), marginal mandibular branch of parotid plexus

57
Q

Origin of Platysma

A

Subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions

58
Q

Insertion of Platysma

A

Base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth (modiolus); orbicularis oris

59
Q

Action of Platysma

A

Depresses mandible (against resistance); tenses skin of inferior face and neck (conveying tension and stress)

60
Q

Innervation of Platysma

A

Facial nerve (CN VII), cervical branches of parotid plexus

61
Q

Origin of Levator palpebrae superioris

A

Lesser wing of sphenoid bone, superior and anterior to optic canal

62
Q

Insertion of Levator palpebrae superioris

A

Superior tarsus and skin of superior eyelid

63
Q

Innervation of Levator palpebrae superioris

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN III) Deep layer (superior tarsal muscle) is supplied by sympathetic fibers

64
Q

Action of Levator palpebrae superioris

A

Elevates superior eyelid

65
Q

Origin of Superior Oblique

A

Body of sphenoid bone

66
Q

Insertion of Superior Oblique

A

Its tendon passes through a fibrous ring or trochlea, changes its direction, and inserts into sclera deep to superior rectus muslce

67
Q

Innervation of Superior Oblique

A

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

68
Q

Main Action of Superior Oblique

A

Abducts, depresses, and medially rotates eyeball

69
Q

Origin of Inferior oblique

A

Anterior part of floor of orbit

70
Q

Insertion of Inferior oblique

A

Sclera deep to lateral rectus muscle

71
Q

Innervation of Inferior oblique

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

72
Q

Action of Inferior oblique

A

Abducts, elevates, and laterally rotates eyeball

73
Q

Origin of Superior rectus, Inferior rectus, medial rectus, and Lateral rectus

A

Common tendinous ring

74
Q

Insertion of Superior rectus, Inferior rectus, medial rectus, and Lateral rectus

A

Sclera just posterior to corneoscleral junction

75
Q

Innervation of Inferior rectus

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

76
Q

Action of Superior Rectus

A

Elevates, adducts, and rotates eyeball medially

77
Q

Innervation of Superior Rectus

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

78
Q

Action of Inferior rectus

A

Depresses, adducts and rotates eyeball laterally

79
Q

Innervation of Medial rectus

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

80
Q

Action of Medial rectus

A

Adducts eyebell

81
Q

Innervation of Lateral Rectus

A

Abducent nerve (CN VI)

82
Q

Action of Lateral Rectus

A

Abducts eyeball

83
Q

Superior Attachment of Platysma

A

Inferior border of mandible, skin, and subcutaneous tissues of lower face

84
Q

Inferior Attachment of Platysma

A

Fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

85
Q

Platysma main action

A

Draws corner of mouth inferiorly and widens it as in expressionf of sadness and fright; draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clench

86
Q

Superior attachment of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

87
Q

Inferior attachment of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Sternal Head: Anterior surface of manubrium of sternum Clavicular Head: Superior surface of medial third of clavicle

88
Q

Actions of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Unilateral Contraction: Tilts head to same side (i.e. Laterally flexes neck) and rotates it so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side

Bilateral Contraction: - Extends neck at atlanto-occipital joints - Flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches manubrium -Extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust forward with head kept level

With cervical vertebrae fixed, may elevate manubrium and medial ends of clavicles, assisting pump-handle action of deep respiration

89
Q

Innervation of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI) for motor C2 and C3 nerves for pain and proprioception

90
Q

Superior attachment of Trapezius

A

Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae, and lumbar and sacral spinous processes

91
Q

Inferior Attachment of Trapezius

A

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

92
Q

Innervation of Trapezius

A

Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI) for motor C2 and C3 nerves for pain and proprioception

93
Q

Actions of Trapezius

A

Elevates, retracts and rotates scapulae superiorly -Descending (superior) fibers: elevate scapulae/shoulders, maintain level of shoulders against gravity -Transverse (Middle) fibers: retract scapulae -Ascending (Inferior) FIbers: depress scapulae -Descending and ascending fibers together: rotate spinous process of scapulae superiorly With shoulders fixed, bilateral contraction extends neck; unilateral contraction produces lateral flexion to same side

94
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis, masster, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid

95
Q

Proximal attachment of Temporalis

A

Triangular muscle with broad attachment to floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporal fossa

96
Q

Innervation of temporalis

A

Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via deep temporal branches

97
Q

Action of Temporalis

A

Elevates mandible, closing jaws; posterior, more horizontal fibers are primary retractors of mandible

98
Q

Innervation of Masseter

A

Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via masseteric nerve

99
Q

Action of Masseter

A

Elevates mandible, closing jaws; superficial fibers make limited contribution to protrusion of mandible

100
Q

Innervation of Lateral pterygoid

A

Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via lateral pterygoid nerve

101
Q

Action of Lateral pterygoid

A

Acting bilaterally, protracts mandible and depresses chin Acting unilaterally, swings jaw toward contralateral side; alternate unilatteral contraction produces larger lateral chewing movements

102
Q

Innervation of medial pterygoid

A

Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via medial pterygoid nerve

103
Q

Action of Medial pterygoid

A

acts synergistically with masseter to elevate mandible; contributes to protrusion; alternate unilateral activity produces smaller grinding movements

104
Q

What are the Suprahyoid muscles? What are they’re actions?

A

Digastric, Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid They depress the mandible against resistance when infrahyoid muscles fix or depress hyoid bone

105
Q

Innervation of Digastric Muslce

A

Facial and mandibular nerves

106
Q

Innervation of Stylohyoid Muscle

A

Facial nerve

107
Q

Innervation of Mylohyoid Muslce

A

Mandibular Nerve

108
Q

Innervation of Geniohyoid muscle

A

Nerve to geniohyoid (C1-C2)

109
Q

What are the Infrahyoid muscles? What are they’re actions?

A

Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid They fix or depress the hyoid bone

110
Q

Innervation of Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid?

A

Ansa cervicalis from cervical plexus (C1-C3)

111
Q

Innervation of Thyrohyoid

A

C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

112
Q

Innervation of Splenius capitis

A

Posterior rami of middle cervical spinal nerves

113
Q

Action of Splenius capitis

A

Laterally flexes and rotates head and neck to same side Acting bilaterally extends head and neck

114
Q

Innervation of Levator scapulae

A

Dorsal scapular nerve C5 and cervical spnal nerves C3 and C4

115
Q

Action of Levator Scapulae

A

Downward rotation of scapula and tilts its gelnoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

116
Q

Innervation of Cricothyroid muscle

A

External laryngeal nerve (From CN X)

117
Q

Action of Cricothyroid muscle

A

Stretches and tenses vocal ligament

118
Q

Innervation of Thyro-arytenoid, posterior crico-arytenoid, and lateral crioc-arytenoid muscles

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve, from CN X)

119
Q

Action of Thyro-arytenoid muscle

A

Relaxes vocal ligament

120
Q

Action of posterior crico-arytenoid muscle

A

abducts vocal folds

121
Q

Action of lateral crioc-arytenoid muscle

A

Adducts vocal folds (interligamentous portion)

Clinical Anatomy (17 decks)

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