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clinical anatomy > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

The tough fibrous connective tissue in the socket suspended in the bony orbit

A

Bulbar fascial sheath

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2
Q

What is the retrobulbar fat

A

takes up the space around the eyeball and acts as a cushion - prevents posterior displacement of the eyeball by the muscles - degrades as we age (“sunken” in look in the elderly)

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3
Q

what are the components of the lacrimal apparatus?

A
  1. Lacrimal gland
  2. Lacrimal caruncle
  3. Lacrimal drainage
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4
Q

What is the function of the lacrimal gland?

A

produces lacrimal fluid (tears) and releases it to moisten the eye when we blink

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5
Q

What is the lacrimal caruncle?

A

bulbous tissue in the medial portion of the eye that contains oil and sweat glands
Very vascular
“Lacrimal lake”

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6
Q

What is the lacrimal lake?

A

The place where tears collect

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7
Q

What is the function of lacrimal puncta?

A

Drain fluid from the eye

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8
Q

What do the lacrimal puncta drain into?

A

lacrimal canaliculi

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9
Q

What do the lacrimal canaliculi drain into?

A

lacrimal sac

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10
Q

Where is the lacrimal sac located?

A

in the lacrimal canal

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11
Q

What does the lacrimal sac drain into?

A

nasolacrimal duct found under the inferior nasal concha

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12
Q

How large is the eye?

A

~25mm in diameter

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13
Q

True or false: the eye is a peripheral organ

A

FALSE!! it is in fact an extension of the brain!

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14
Q

List the layers of the eyeball

A

Tunica fibrosa” outer layer (AKA sclera)
tunica vasculosa
Tunica nervosa

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15
Q

The tunica fibrosa is an extension of the brain’s ______ _________

A

dura mater

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16
Q

What do the parallel fibers of the tunica fibrosa form on the anterior aspect of the eye?

A

transparent cornea

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17
Q

what is the major focuser of light?

A

cornea (lens does fine-tuning)

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18
Q

What is the iris?

A

the pigmented portion of the tunica fibrosa that is not covered by the cornea

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19
Q

True or false: the cornea is vascular and has little innervation

A

False (some veins; extremely innervated (esp. the cornea))

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20
Q

What is the darkest layer of the eye?

A

tunica vasculosa

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21
Q

What are the portions of the tunica vasculosa?

A
  1. coroid (most of it) turns into the
  2. ciliary body
  3. iris
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22
Q

What is the function of the ciliary body?

A

ring of muscle that suspends the lens

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23
Q

What are zonules?

A

Connected to the lens making it spherical and helps the lens to focus light (visual accommodation)

24
Q

When using far vision, what is the ciliary body doing?

A

it is relaxed making the ring of muscle larger in diameter so suspensatory ligaments pull the lens tight

25
Q

When using near vision, what is the ciliary body doing?

A

it is flexed causing the ring of muscles to be smaller in diameter so the suspensatory ligaments slack and relax the lens (goes back into a spherical shape)

26
Q

What is the ora serrata?

A

posterior edge of ciliary body that is scalloped

27
Q

What is the iris?

A

colored part of the eye

changes the shaped of the pupil

28
Q

What are the 2 muscle groups of the iris?

A
  1. pupillary sphincter: rounded muscle group closest tot he pupil causing constriction- - works much faster than the dilator
  2. pupillary dilator: outer ring of muscles that pull away from the pupil
29
Q

What is the tunica nervosa?

A

Retina - comes from the brain and lines the inside of the eyeball

30
Q

What are the two layers of the tunica nervosa?

A

Neural portion: photoreceptors
Pigmented portion: found behind the neural layer - made up of pigmented (melanin) simple epithelium - reduces the amount of light scatter

31
Q

What is the fundus?

A

the posterior portion of the eye

32
Q

What can you see when performing a fundus exam?

A

the retina

33
Q

Where are the optic disc and nerve located?

A

in the back of the retina

34
Q

What is the macula?

A

The dark region in the center of the eye with a heavy concentration of light receptors (cones) - area with the highest visual acuity

35
Q

What is the fovea?

A

located in the very center of the macula - high high high concentration of cones and visual acuity

36
Q

What can be observed with retina vessels?

A

their condition mimics the characteristics of vessels throughout the body (can show HTN or diabetes)

37
Q

What are the three chambers of the eye?

A

Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Vitreous chamber

38
Q

Describe the anterior chamber of the eye

A
  • Between cornea and iris

- Filled with aqueous humor which helps to maintain pressure in the anterior chamber

39
Q

What absorbs aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye and where does it go?

A

trabecular network - drains it into the canal of Schlemm

40
Q

Where does the canal of Schlemm drain aqueous humor to?

A

small venules of the sclera

41
Q

High pressure of aqueous humor can lead to _______

A

glaucoma

42
Q

Define pigment dispersion syndrom

A

Pigment of the iris flakes off and plugs up the drainage system - can lead to glaucoma

43
Q

describe the posterior chamber of the eye

A
  • between the iris and the lens/ciliary body

- produces aqueous humor which flows through the pupil to the anterior chamber

44
Q

Where is aqueous humor produced?

A

in the posterior chamber in the ciliary processes (outgrowths of the ciliary body)

45
Q

Describe the vitreous chamber of the eye

A
  • posterior segment of the eyeball
  • contains vitreous body
  • holds the retina in place
46
Q

What is the vitreous body?

A

gelatinous substance that contains collagen fibers making it a spherical gelatinous mass - gives the eyeball its shape

47
Q

What can happen to the vitreous body as you age?

A

The collagen fibers can break down and clump together which can pull away from the retina causing a detached retina

48
Q

What covers the inside of your eyelids?

A

palpebral conjunctiva ( reflected onto the eyeball where it is continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva of the eye)

49
Q

What does the bulbar conjunctiva contain?

A

vessels on the outside of the sclera

50
Q

What are the superior and inferior conjunctival fornices?

A

lines of reflection of the palpebral cinjunctiva that form deep recesses

51
Q

what allows that eyelids to move freely over the surface of the eye?

A

cinjunctival sac

52
Q

What forms the skeleton of the eyelids and strengthens them?

A

Superior and inferior tarsi

53
Q

What are ciliary glands?

A

sebaceous glands associated with the eyelashes

54
Q

Compare/contrast the lateral and medial palpebral ligaments

A

Medial: between the nose and the medial angle of the eye - provides insertion for the orbicularis oculi
Lateral: on the later aspect of the eye - no muscle insertion

55
Q

what keeps orbital fat contained and can limit the spread of infection to and from the orbit?

A

orbital septum

clinical anatomy (17 decks)

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