Tissue Layers Flashcards
What are the layers of the integument?
Epidermis
Dermis
What is the main function of the integument?
Barrier of the body
Also: Containment of structures, heat regulation, sensation (by way of superficial nerves), synthesis & storage of vitamin D
Describe the Epidermis (vasculature, innervation, etc.)
Cellular, bound very tightly w/no spaces
Completely avascular
Very few penetrating nerve fibers
Describe the dermis (vasculature, innervation, etc.)
Tough fibrous layer
Extremely vascular
Highly innervated
What does “thick skin” refer to
Epidermis only
Where is the thinnest and thickest skin located?
Thinnest: Eyelids
Thickest: Upper Back
Function of skin retinaculum
“ligaments” Bind skin to underlying tissue
Skin retinaculum bind the dermis to what?
Deep fascia (2 layers deep)
List the general layers of tissues from most superficial to deep
Integument (Epidermis & Dermis)
Superficial Fascia (Adipose & Areolar)
Deep Fascia (Membranous fibrous bundling sheath)
Muscle
Bone*
*Bone is usually deep to muscle, but not always
How thick is the epidermis?
0.05mm-1.5mm
How thick is the dermis?
.1mm-4.0mm
What is the range of thickness of the integument?
.5mm-4.5mm thick
What is the function of the superficial fascia?
The “subcutaneous tissue” insulates and provides cushioning
Describe the superficial fascia (vasculature, innervation, etc.)
Made of adipose and areolar tissue Slightly vascular (large vessels like veins) Fairly innervated (sympathetic and sensory)
What is adipose tissue?
Fat
What is areolar tissue?
Binds fat together to give shape, fiberous, intertwined
What is the function of the deep fascia?
Encapsulates & compartmentalizes muscle groups, blood vessels, & nerves
Deep fascia form a potential pathway for what?
Spreading of infections
“spreading along fascial lines”
Describe deep fascia (vasculature, innervation, etc.)
Fibrous sheath (varying thickness)
Avascular (nearly)
Extremely innervated
Thick in limbs, thinner in face & abdomen
Where is the deep fascia bound to?
Periosteum of bone (If present)
How thick is the superficial fascia?
1.0mm - ?? If overweight, can vary greatly
Describe muscles (vasculature, innervation, etc)
Highly vascularized
Highly innervated
End/tendons: essentially avascular
Deep fascia is continuous with the _____ of each muscle
epimysium
Describe bones (vascularture, innervation)
Highly vascular
Highly innervated
What tissue layers are essentially/nearly avascular
Epidermis
Deep fascia
Incision lines that ___________ heal well with little scaring
parallel with tension lines
minimal disrupted fibers
