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Clinical Anatomy > Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the brachial plexus come from?

A

The ventral rami (C5-T1)

The brachial plexus is formed by the union of the anterior rami of the last four cervical (C5-C8) and the first thoracic (T1) nerves.

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2
Q

How many regions does the plexus consist of?

A

5

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3
Q

What are the 5 regions of the brachial plexus?

A 
Roots 
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Terminal Branches
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4
Q

How many roots are there?

A

5

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5
Q

What are the 5 roots?

A 
The ramus of C5
The ramus of C6
The ramus of C7
The ramus of C8
The ramus of T1
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6
Q

What are the 3 trunks?

A

Superior - from the union of the C5 and C6 roots.
Middle - a continuation of the C7 root.
Inferior - from the union of the C8 and T1 roots

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7
Q

How many divisions are in the brachial plexus?

A

6

  • 3 anterior
  • 3 posterior
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8
Q

What do the anterior divisions of the trunks supply?

A

The anterior flexor compartments of the upper limb.

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9
Q

What do the posterior divisions of the trunks supply?

A

The posterior extensor compartments.

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10
Q

How many cords are in the brachial plexus?

A

3

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11
Q

What are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral, Medial, Posterior

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12
Q

What divisions form the lateral cord?

A

The superior and middle trunks.

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13
Q

What are the divisions of the medial cord?

A

The anterior division of the inferior trunk continues as the medial cord.

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14
Q

What are the divisions that form the posterior cord?

A

Posterior divisions of all three trunks unite to form the posterior cord.

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15
Q

How many terminal branches are there?

A

5

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16
Q

Describe the formation of the brachial plexus.

A

The roots of the brachial plexus unite to form three trunks. Each trunk of the brachial plexus divides ino anterior and posterior divisions. The anterior and posterior divisions of the trunks form three cords. The cords divide into the terminal branches.

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17
Q

Where do nerves branch from?

A 
Roots
Superior Trunk
Cords
Terminal Branches
(everything except divisions)
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18
Q

Where do no nerves branch from?

A

The Divisions

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19
Q

What do the divisions give rise to?

A

Anterior - arm flexors

Posterior - arm extendors

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20
Q

What nerves branch from the roots?

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Long Thoracic Nerve

21
Q

What nerves branch from the superior trunk?

A

Suprascapular Nerve

Subclavian Nerve

22
Q

What nerve branches from the lateral cord?

A

Lateral Pectoral Nerve

23
Q

What nerves branch from the medial cord?

A

Medial Pectoral Nerve
Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve
Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve

24
Q

What Nerves Branch from the Posterior Cord?

A

Upper Subscapular
Lower Subscapular
Thoracodorsal Nerve (Middle Subscapular)

25
Q

What nerves come from the Terminal Branches?

A 
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Axillary Nerve
Radial Nerve
Median Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
26
Q

What are branches that branch off of branches?

A

Cutaneous Nerves

27
Q

What does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?

A

Muscles medial to the scapula (rhomboids; occasionally the levator scapulae).

28
Q

What does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

A

The surratus anterior.

29
Q

What does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A

The infraspinatus and supraspinatus.

30
Q

What does the subclavian nerve innervate?

A

The subclavius muscle which extends from the top rib to the clavicle to pull the clavicle down. It is the only thing that prevents a fractured clavicle from interferreing with the brachial plexus.

It also innervates the sternoclavicular joint.

31
Q

What does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate?

A

Innervates the lateral side of pectoral muscles.

32
Q

What does the medial pectoral nerve innervate?

A

The medial aspect of pectoral muscles.

33
Q

What does the medial brachial cutaneous nerve innervate?

A

The medial ventral arm.

34
Q

What does the Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervate?

A

The medial aspect of the anterior forearm.

35
Q

What does the upper subscapular nerve innervate?

A

The subscapularis.

36
Q

What does the lower subscapular nerve innervate?

A

The region anterior to the scapula.

37
Q

What does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate?

A

The latissimus dorsi.

Note- it is very LONG!

38
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Muscle: Anterior surface of the arm.
Skin: skin of the lateral anterior forearm.

39
Q

What branch does the musculocutaneous nerve stem from?

A

Terminal branch of the lateral cord.

40
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

Muscle: deltoid and teres minor. Muscles of the shoulder.

Skin: skin of the lateral ventral arm.

41
Q

Where does the axillary nerve stem from?

A

Posterior Cord

42
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Muscles: all of the musculature of the back of arm, forearm, and hand.

Skin: Posterior arm, posterior forearm, posterior hand (except medial side).

43
Q

Where does the radial nerve stem from?

A

Posterior Cord

44
Q

What does the median nerve innervate?

A

Muscles: muscles in anterior forearm except the medial edge. The hand except the medial edge.

Skin: innervates the skin eover the thenar eminence.

45
Q

Where does the median nerve stem from?

A

A contribution from the median and lateral cord.

The lateral median nerve is a terminal branch of the lateral cord. The medial root of the median nerve is a terminal branch of the medial cord.

46
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Muscles: muscles of the medial aspect of the ventral forearm (ulnar region) and medial aspect of the ventral hand (palm).

Skin: The palm (everything except the thenar eminence) and the medial aspect of the dorsal hand.

47
Q

What is the path of the ulnar nerve?

A

It traverses across the medial epicondyle - creates your “funny bone.”

48
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve stem from?

A

The medial cord.

Clinical Anatomy (17 decks)

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