Lower Limbs

Question 1

What creates the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 1

Tibialis Posterior Muscle

“Spring” ligament

Question 2

What maintains the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 2

Plantar Fascia

Question 3

What does the medial longitudinal arc hof the foot do:?

Answer 3

Provides a “spring” and reduces trauma from weight-bearing activities (walking, running, standing, etc…).

Question 4

What is plantar fasciitis?

Answer 4

Inflammation of the plantar fascia, usually at the heal of the foot, usually caused by acute stress on the arch.

Question 5

What can happen from chronic plantar fascitis?

Answer 5

Calcaneal spur

Question 6

What does chronic stress on the medial longitudinal arch cause?

Answer 6

“Pes Planus”

Flat Foot

Question 7

What are chronic stresses on the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 7

Gradual weight gain.

Reduction of tibialis posterior contraction

Question 8

What does pes planus cause?

Answer 8

Knee pain on the medial side of the knee

Anserine bursitis

Question 9

Where does the lumbar plexus develop from?

Answer 9

The ventral rami of L1-L4

Question 10

What are the divisions are in the lumbar plexus?

Answer 10

Anterior & Posterior

Question 11

What innervates the skin of the lateral thigh?

Answer 11

Lateral Cutaneous Nerve

Question 12

What division does the lateral cutaneous nerve stem from?

Answer 12

The Posterior Division

Question 13

What division does the femoral nerve stem from?

Answer 13

The Posterior Division

Question 14

What division does the obturator nerve stem from:?

Answer 14

The Anterior Division

Question 15

What innervates the muscles of the anterior portion of the thigh?

Answer 15

Branches from the femoral nerve.

Question 16

What is the saphenous nerve?

Answer 16

The end of the femoral nerve.

Question 17

What does the femoral nerve innervate cutaneously?

Answer 17

Anterior thigh
&
Medial half of the leg (via the saphenous nerve)

Question 18

What muscles does the obturator nerve innervate?

Answer 18

Muscles of the medial aspect of the thigh.

Question 19

What innervates the skin of the medial thigh?

Answer 19

obturator nerve

Question 20

What does the obturator nerve innervate?

Answer 20

The muscles on the medial aspect of the thigh and the skin of the medial thigh.

Question 21

Where does the sacral plexus come from?

Answer 21

The ventral rami of L4-S1

Question 22

What are the nerves of the lumbar plexus?

Answer 22

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
Femoral Nerve (Saphenous Nerve)
Obturator Nerve

Question 23

What are the divisions of teh sacral plexus?

Answer 23

Anterior and Posterior

Question 24

What are the nerves of the sacral plexus?

Answer 24

Superior Gluteal Nerve
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
Piriformis Nerve
Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
Sciatic Nerve
Pudendal Nerve
Nerve to the Pelvic Floor

Question 25

What innervates the muscles of the gluteal region?

Answer 25

Superior Gluteal Nerve
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
Piriformis Nerve

Question 26

What innervates the skin of the posterior thigh?

Answer 26

Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

Question 27

What is clinically relevant about the piriformis muscle?

Answer 27

The sciatic nerve runs right underneath it.