Upper limb II Flashcards
What are the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Anconeus
Most of the muscle belly of brachioradialis is seen in
anterior compartment of forearm
Name A-I
A- brachioradilais
B- extensor carpi radialis longus
C- common extensor tendon
D- extensor carpi radialis brevis
E- extensor digitorum
F- extensor digiti minimi
G- extensor retinaculum
H- extensor carpi ulnaris
I- anconeus
All superficial posterior muscles of the forearm attach to
Lateral epicondyle
- except brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus
What happens when the common extensor tendon is damaged due to repetitive strain
Lateral epicondylitis - tennis elbow
Function of the superficial posterior muscles of the forearm
Extension of the wrist
Extension of the 4 digits - ED and EDM
Abduction (ECR) and Adduction (ECU) of the wrist
What are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm
Supinator
Extensor pollicis longus and brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis
Function of supinator
Supinates the forearm
Function of deep muscles of the posterior forearm
Supinates the forearm - supinator
Extension of the thumb - EPL and EPB
Abduction of the thumb - APL
Extension of the 2nd digit - Extensor indices
Extensor pollicis longus and brevis extends the thumb at which joints
EPL - all joints
EPB - CMC and MCP
Name A-E
A- Supinator
B- Abductor pollicis longus
C- extensor pollicis brevis
D- Extensor pollicis longus
E- extensor indices
Innervation of the posterior forearm
Radial nerve
Name A-I
A- ulnar nerve
B- brachial artery
C- median nerve
D- ulnar nerve
E- ulnar artery
F- Radial nerve
G- radial artery
H- Anterior interosseous nerve
I- median nerve
Name A-I
A- Scaphoid
B- Lunate
C- Triquetrum
D- Pisiform
E- Hamate
F- Capitate
G- Trapezoid
H- CMC
I- Trapezium
Damage to the scaphoid bone is most likely to damage
Radial artery - dorsal part
What happens if scaphoid fracture damages the radial artery
Can cause AVN of scaphoid -> non-union
More proximal the fracture, the higher the risk of AVN
What are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox
Radial artery
Cephalic vein
Superficial branch of radial nerve
Borders of the anatomical snuffbox
Medial- extensor pollicis longus tendon
Lateral- Extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons
Floor - scaphoid and trapezium carpal bones
What are the muscles in thenar eminence
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Function of the muscles in the thenar eminence
Abduction of the thumb - APB
Flexion of the thumb - FPB
Opposition of the thumb - OP
Muscles in the thenar eminence are innervated by
Median nerve
What condition can cause muscle wasting in thenar eminence
Median nerve damage - carpal tunnel syndrome
What are the muscles in the hypothenar eminence
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
Function of the muscles in hypothenar eminence
Abduction of 5th metatarsal
Flexion of 5th metatarsal
Opposition of 5th metatarsal
Innervation of muscles in hypothenar eminence
Ulnar nerve
Name A-J
A- flexor pollicis longus
B- flexor pollicis brevis
C- abductor pollicis brevis
D- opponens pollicis
E- Flexor digitorum profundus
F- flexor digitorum superficialis
G- Opponens digiti minimi
H- Flexor digiti minimi
I- Abductor digiti minimi
J- flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
What are the muscles of the hand innervated by median nerve
LOAF
medial 2 Lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Innervation of the lateral 2 lumbricals
Ulnar nerve
The lumbricals are attached to
the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Function of the dorsal interossei muscles
Abduction of digits
Function of the palmar interossei muscles
Adduction of digits
Innervation of the dorsal and palmar interossei muscles
Ulnar nerve
Name A and B
Name A-F
A- lumbricals
B- flexor pollicis brevis
C- abductor pollicis brevis
D- opponens pollicis
E- abductor digiti minimi
F- flexor digiti minimi
Name A and B
A- dorsal interossei
B- palmar interossei
Name A-J
A- proper palmar digital arteries
B- common palmar digital arteries
C- palmar digital artery
D- Superficial palmar arch
E- Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
F- ulnar artery
G- ulnar nerve
H- radial artery
I- superficial palmar arch
J- deep palmar arch
Name A-J
A- posterior interosseous artery
B- radial artery
C- superficial palmar branch of radial artery
D- deep palmar branch of radial artery
E- superficial palmar arch
F- palmar digital arteries
G- common palmar digital arteries
H- deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
I- ulnar artery
J- anterior interosseous artery
Name A-D
A- superficial branch of radial nerve
B- dorsal branch of ulnar nerve
C- palmar branch of ulnar nerve
D- Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve (also fingertips)
Most of the sensory innervation of the posterior surface of forearm and arm is innervated by
Radial nerve
The sensory innervation of pink areas are innervated by
radial nerve
The sensory innervation of the light green areas are innervated by
Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve C8-T1
Referred cardiac pain is often felt at
Posteromedial surface of the left upper limb
Why is referred cardiac pain felt at the posteromedial surface of the left upper limb
Left limb because that is the side where the heart is located at
The sensory innervation of that area of skin is by C8-T1 (medial cutaneous, branch of radial nerve, intercostalbrachial nerve) and the visceral afferents of heart enters that region as well
The blue area is innervated by
Axillary nerve
