Nose and head

Question 1

Name A-G

Answer 1

A- cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
B- medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
C- palatine bone
D- maxilla bone (right)
E- perpendicular plate of ethmoid
F- Vomer
G- septal cartilage

Question 2

The superior and middle concha are made of

Answer 2

Ethmoid bone

Question 3

The inferior concha is made of

Answer 3

Its own inferior choncha bone

Question 4

Name A-J

Answer 4

A- superior concha
B- middle concha
C- perpendicular plate of ethmoid
D- Vomer
E- palatine process of maxilla bone
F- maxillary sinus
G- Inferior meatus
H- inferior concha
I- middle meatus
J- superior meatus

Question 5

Name A-D

Answer 5

A- frontal sinus
B- ethmoidal sinus
C- maxillary sinus
D- sphenoidal sinus

Question 6

Which structure drains into the inferior meatus

Answer 6

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 7

Which structures drain into the superior meatus

Answer 7

posterior ethmoidal air cells
sphenoidal sinus

Drains into the superior meatus via sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 8

What structures drain into the middle meatus

Answer 8

Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinus
Anterior ethmoidal air cells
Middle ethmoidal air cells

Question 9

How do the structures drain into the middle meatus

Answer 9

Frontal, maxillary sinuses and anterior ethmoidal air cells drain via semilunar hiatus

Middle ethmoidal air cells drain via ethmoidal bulla

Question 10

Name A- D

Answer 10

A- sphenoethmoidal recess
B- semilunar hiatus
C- opening of nasolacrimal duct
D- opening of Eustachian tube

Question 11

What are the openings in the nasal cavity and what structures pass through those openings

Answer 11

Cribiform plate of ethmoid - olfactory nerves

Sphenopalatine foramen - sphenopalatine artery and nasopalatine, superior nasal nerves

Incisive foramen - nasopalatine nerve and greater palatine artery

Question 12

The arteries on nasal septum forms

Answer 12

Kiesselbach’s plexus

Question 13

What are the 5 arteries that form the Kiesselbach’s plexus

Answer 13

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
Sphenopalatine artery
Greater palatine artery
Septal branch of superior labial artery

Question 14

Describe the origin of anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

Answer 14

Branches of ophthalmic artery which is a branch of internal carotid artery

Question 15

Which arteries of the Kiesselbach’s plexus are branches of the maxillary artery

Answer 15

Sphenopalatine artery
Greater palatine artery

Question 16

Maxillary artery (origin of sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries) is a branch of

Answer 16

External carotid artery

Question 17

Facial artery (origin of superior labial artery) is a branch of

Answer 17

External carotid artery

Question 18

Name A-F

Answer 18

A- anterior ethmoidal artery
B- posterior ethmoidal artery
C- sphenopalatine artery
D- superior labial artery
E- greater palatine artery
F- lateral nasal artery (not part of Kiesselbach)

Question 19

Which artery of the Kiesselbach’s plexus is the most commonly ligated

Answer 19

Sphenopalatine artery - because it causes posterior bleed which is often heavy and bleeding point cannot be seen

Question 20

Describe the management of epistaxis

Answer 20

1. lean forward with mouth open, pinch cartilaginous part
2. If bleeding doesn’t stop and the bleeding point is visible-> nasal cautery

If bleeding doesn’t stop and the bleeding point is not visible -> nasal packing

3. if all above fails -> sphenopalatine ligation

Question 21

Which management of epistaxis requires admission to hospital

Answer 21

Nasal packing
Sphenopalatine ligation

Question 22

Describe the olfactory pathway

Answer 22

1. Receptor cells in olfactory region of nose pass up to the cribriform plate
2. Synapse at olfactory bulb
3. Then passes to olfactory tract
4. then to temporal part of brain and other olfactory areas

Question 23

Which nerves are responsible for the general sensory of the nasal cavity

Answer 23

Nasopalatine nerve
Nasociliary nerve

Question 24

Nasopalatine nerve is a branch of

Answer 24

CN V2 - maxillary division of trigeminal

Question 25

Nasociliary nerve is a branch of

Answer 25

CN V1 - ophthalmic branch of trigeminal

Question 26

Name A-G

Answer 26

A- foramen ovale
B- Jugular foramen
C- foramen magnum
D- superior orbital fissure
E- foramen rotundum
F- internal acoustic meatus
G- hypoglossal canal

Question 27

What nerves pass exit the cranium through jugular foramen

Answer 27

CN IX glossopharyngeal
CN X vagus
CN XI accessory

Question 28

What nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus

Answer 28

Facial nerve
Vestibulocochlear nerve
(Labyrinthine artery)

Question 29

Name A and B

Answer 29

A- carotid canal
B- groove for middle meningeal artery

Question 30

What does the carotid canal transmit

Answer 30

Internal carotid artery
Post-synaptic sympathetic fibres that is on the internal carotid artery in order to enter the head

Question 31

What nerves pass through foramen rotundum

Answer 31

Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
(from trigeminal ganglion)

Question 32

What nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure

Answer 32

Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve - frontal, lacrimal, nasociliary branches
Oculomotor
Trochlear nerve
Abducens nerve

Question 33

What nerves pass through the foramen ovale

Answer 33

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

Question 34

Name A-E

Answer 34

A- greater palatine foramen
B- lesser palatine foramen
C- foramen ovale
D- external acoustic foramen
E- stylomastoid foramen

Question 35

What nerves pass through the stylomastoid foramen

Answer 35

Facial nerve (enters temporal bone via internal acoustic foramen then exit the bone via stylomastoid foramen)