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Y2 Anatomy > Upper limb > Flashcards

Upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the radius and ulna during supination and pronation

A

Radius move over ulna during pronation

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2
Q

What are the 3 factors that stabilise the joints

A

Congruency - how well the joint fits in the articulating bone
Muscle tone
ligaments

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3
Q

Name A-H

A

A- trapezius
B- latissimus dorsi
C- levator scapulae
D- rhomboid minor
E- deltoid
F- Infraspinatus
G- Teres major
H- rhomboid major

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4
Q

Flexion of the shoulder is performed by

A

pectoralis major
anterior deltoid
coracobrachialis
biceps brachii weakly assists

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5
Q

Adduction of the shoulder is performed by

A

Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

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6
Q

Extension of the shoulder is performed by

A

Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Posterior deltoid

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7
Q

Abduction of the shoulder is performed by

A

Deltoid muscle
Supraspinatus

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8
Q

What needs to occur for the full abduction of the shoulder

A

the scapula must rotate so that the glenoid fossa faces more superiorly
This prevents greater tubercle of the humerus from impinging on the acromion

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9
Q

What needs to occur for the full adduction of the shoulder

A

The scapula must rotate so that the glenoid fossa faces more inferiorly

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10
Q

Innervation of latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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11
Q

Function of latissimus dorsi

A

Extension of the shoulder
Adduction of the shoulder

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12
Q

Innervation of rhomboid major and minor

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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13
Q

Function of rhomboid major and minor

A

Retract the scapula

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14
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

CN XI - Accessory nerve

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15
Q

Function of the trapezius

A

elevate the scapula and rotates it during abduction of the arm (to abduct the arm fully, scapula needs to rotate)
Retract the scapula
Pull the scapula inferiorly

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16
Q

Name A-F

A

A- deltoid muscle
B- Teres major
C- serratus anterior
D- latissimus dorsi
E- pectoralis minor
F- Pectoralis major

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17
Q

Innervation of deltoid muscle

A

Axillary nerve

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18
Q

Function of deltoid muscle

A

Abduction 15-90 degrees (0-15 is by suprasinatus)
Flexion and extension of the shoulder

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19
Q

Which muscle fibres of the deltoid is for abduction of the shoulder

A

Middle fibres

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20
Q

Which muscle fibres of the deltoid is for flexion and extension of the shoulder

A

Flexion - anterior
Extension - posterior

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21
Q

Innervation of teres major

A

Lower subscapular nerve

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22
Q

Innervation of pectoralis major and minor

A

Major - medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Minor - medial pectoral nerve

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23
Q

innervation of serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve

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24
Q

Name A-J

A
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25
Q

Name A-D

A
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26
Q

Where do the rotator cuff muscles insert onto

A

All insert onto greater tuberosity of the humerus EXCEPT subscapularis
Subscapularis - lesser tuberosity of humerus

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27
Q

Function of supraspinatus

A

Holds the humeral head in glenoid fossa
Initiation of Abduction

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28
Q

Innervation of supraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

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29
Q

Which muscle fibres of the deltoid is for flexion and extension of the shoulder

A

Flexion - anterior
Extension - posterior

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30
Q

Function of infraspinatus

A

Holds the humeral head in glenoid fossa
Lateral rotation of the arm

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31
Q

Innervation of infraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

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32
Q

Function of teres minor

A

Holds the humeral head in glenoid fossa
Lateral rotation of the arm

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33
Q

Innervation of teres minor

A

Axillary nerve

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34
Q

Function of subscapularis

A

Holds the humeral head in glenoid fossa
Medial rotation of the arm

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35
Q

Innervation of subscapularis

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

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36
Q

Impingement syndrome most commonly affects ______ and causes ______

A

Most commonly affects supraspinatus
Causes painful arc between 60-120 degrees

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37
Q

Name the bursa of the shoulder

A

Subscapular bursa
Subacromial bursa
Subcoracoid bursa
Subdeltoid bursa

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38
Q

Name A-M

A
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39
Q

Which bursa is the most commonly inflamed

A

Subacromial bursa

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40
Q

What are the ligaments of the shoulder joint

A

Glenohumeral ligament
Coracohumeral ligament
Coracoacromial ligament
Transverse humeral ligament

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41
Q

Name A-C

42
Q

What injuries may damage the axillary nerve

A

anterior shoulder dislocation
Humeral neck fracture

43
Q

What occurs if axillary nerve is damaged

A

Loss of sensation over regimental badge area
Weakness in abduction of the shoulder

44
Q

Borders of the axilla region

A

Anterior - pectorals major and minor
Posterior - Subscapularis
Medial - serratus anterior
Lateral- intertubecular sulcus

45
Q

What are the contents of the axilla region

A

Brachial plexus
Axillary vein
Axillary artery
Lymph nodes

46
Q

Name A-M

47
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

A

Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis

48
Q

Origin of the biceps brachii muscle

A

Short head - from coracoid process
long head - from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

49
Q

Insertion of the biceps brachii muscle

A

Radial tuberosity via biceps tendon

50
Q

Which head of biceps brachii passes through the intertubercular groove of humerus

A

Long head of biceps

51
Q

Biceps tendonitis affects which head of biceps

A

Long head of biceps - due to its movement in the intertubercular groove

52
Q

Function of the anterior muscles of the upper arm

A

Flexion of arm and forearm
Biceps brachii supinates forearm

53
Q

Innervation of anterior muscles of the upper arm

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

54
Q

Name A-F

A

A- subdeltoid bursa
B- long head of biceps brachii
C- Coracobrachialis
D- Biceps brachii
E- brachialis
F- Biceps tendon

55
Q

The intertubercular groove is an attachment site for

A

Long head of biceps (runs along the groove)
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

56
Q

Name A-C

57
Q

Origin of coracobrachialis

A

coracoid process of the scapula

58
Q

Origin of brachialis

A

Mid shaft of humerus

59
Q

Muscle in the posterior compartment of the arm

A

Triceps brachii - lateral, medial, long head

60
Q

Function of posterior muscle of the arm

A

Extension of arm and forearm

61
Q

Innervation of the posterior muscle of the arm

A

Radial nerve

62
Q

Name A-I

A

A- supraspinatus
B- Teres minor
C- teres major
D- Long head of triceps brachii
E- posterior cutaneous nerve
F- Infraspinatus
G- lateral head of triceps brachii
H- Medial head of triceps brachii
I- brachioradialis

63
Q

Name A-H

64
Q

The right subclavian artery is a continuation of
The left subclavian artery is a continuation of

A

Right - brachiocephalic trunk
Left - directly from aortic arch

65
Q

Name A-E

66
Q

Name A-G

A

A- axillary artery
B- deltoid muscle
C- pectoralis minor (cut)
D- musculocutaneous nerve
E- Brachial artery
F- Ulnar nerve
G- median nerve

67
Q

Describe the location of the axillary artery

A

In the axilla region, behind the pectoralis minor muscle within the axillary sheath

Axillary sheath surrounds the 3 nerves of brachial plexus and axillary artery

68
Q

What are the arteries that supply the humeral head

A

Anterior and posterior circumflex arteries - branches of the axillary artery

69
Q

Name A-H

70
Q

Which nerve of the brachial plexus is behind the axillary artery

A

Axillary nerve

71
Q

Where does brachial artery start from

A

Lower border of teres major

72
Q

1st branch of brachial artery

A

Deep brachial artery - immediately distal to teres major

73
Q

Function of deep brachial artery

A

travels with the radial nerve in the radial groove of the humerus and supplies structures in the posterior aspect of the upper arm

74
Q

Where does the brachial artery bifurcate into radial and ulnar arteries

A

At the cubital fossa

75
Q

Name A-C

76
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radials
flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus

77
Q

Name A-E

A

A- pronator teres
B- flexor carpi radialis
C- palmaris longus
D- flexor carpi ulnaris
E- flexor digitorum superficialis (intermediate layer)

78
Q

Where do the anterior superficial forearm muscles all originate from

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus via a common flexor origin

79
Q

What happens when the common flexor origin is damaged due to repetitive strain

A

Medial epicondylitis - Golfer’s elbow

80
Q

Where does flexor carpi radialis attach to

A

base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

81
Q

Where does flexor carpi ulnaris attach to

A

pisiform carpal bone

82
Q

Function of the anterior superficial forearm muscles

A

Flexion of the wrist
Abduction (FCR) and Adduction (FCU)
Pronation - pronator teres

83
Q

What is the intermediate muscle of the anterior forearm

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

84
Q

Where does the flexor digitorum superficialis attach to

A

base of middle phalanges of the 4 fingers

85
Q

Function of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flexion of the 4 digits except thumb at PIP and MCP joint
Flexion of the wrist

86
Q

What are the deep anterior muscles of the forearm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

87
Q

Where does flexor digitorum profundus attach to

A

Base of distal phalanges of the 4 fingers

88
Q

Function of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Flexion of the DIP of the 4 fingers
Flexion of the wrist

89
Q

Where does flexor pollicis longus attach to

A

base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

90
Q

Function of flexor pollicis longus

A

Flexion of the 1st phalanx at all joints

91
Q

Function of pronator quadratus

A

pronates the forearm

92
Q

Name A-M

93
Q

Innervation of the anterior muscles of the forearm

A

All median nerve except flexor carpi Ulnaris and MEDIAL half of flexor digitorum profUndUs

94
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Ulnar nerve

95
Q

What is the special sign if median nerve is damaged at the elbow or wrist

A

Hand of benediction sign - unable to flex the lateral 3 fingers

96
Q

What injury can damage the ulnar nerve at the wrist

A

Fracture of the hamate

96
Q

What is the special sign of ulnar nerve is damaged at the wrist

97
Q

Name A-E

A

A- median nerve
B- Brachial artery
C- Radial artery
D- Ulnar artery
E- Ulnar nerve

98
Q

Name A-H

99
Q

Function of serratus anterior

A

Holds the scapula against the ribcage. Retracts the scapula to allow the arms to go above 90 degrees

Y2 Anatomy (10 decks)

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