GI Flashcards
What are the 3 muscles of jaw closing
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
What is the muscle for jaw opening
lateral pterygoid
Innervation fo the muscles of mastication
CN V3
Name A-F
A- lesser curvature
B- incisa angularis
C- fundus
D- greater curvature
E- pyloric antrum
F- pyloric sphincter
Blood supply to the stomach
Right and left gastric arteries
Right and left gastroomental arteries
Right gastric artery is a branch of
Common hepatic trunk (branch from coeliac trunk)
Left gastric artery is a branch of
Directly from coeliac trunk
Right gastroomental artery is a branch of
Gastroduodenal artery (branch from coeliac trunk)
Left gastroomental artery is a branch of
splenic artery (branch from coeliac trunk)
Name A-I
A- left gastric artery
B- coeliac trunk
C- Hepatic artery proper
D- Right gastric artery
E- common hepatic artery
F- gastroduodenal artery
G- right gastroomental artery
H- left gastroomental artery
I- splenic artery
Where does right and left gastric veins drain into
Hepatic portal vein
Where does right snd left gastroomental arteries drain into
Superior mesenteric vein
Name A-G
A- Superior part of duodenum
B- gall bladder
C- common bile duct
D- descending part of duodenum
E- superior mesenteric artery
F- ascending part of duodenum
G- horizontal part of duodenum
Blood supply to the duodenum
Gastroduodenal artery
Pancreaticoduodenal artery
Which part of the duodenum is intraperitoneal
Only the superior part
Blood supply to jejunum and ileum
superior mesenteric artery via jejunal and ileal arteries
Name A-I
A- right colic flexure
B- ascending colon
C- ileocaecal valve
D- Caecum
E- appendix
F- left colic flexure
G- descending colon
H- sigmoid flexure
I- sigmoid colon
What can happen to sigmoid colon due to its high mobility
Risk of Sigmoid volvulus
What is paracolic gutter
2 spaces between lateral edge of ascending and descending colon, and abdominal wall
Fluid / pus can accumulate there
What are the 2 main arteries supplying the colon
Superior and inferior mesenteric artery
Name A-G
A- superior mesenteric artery
B- Middle colic artery
C- Right colic artery
D- ileocolic artery
E- Inferior mesenteric artery
F- Left colic artery
G- sigmoid artery
The spleen is protected by
Ribs 9-11
The liver is protected by
Ribs 7-11
When a patient is supine, which recess will be the lowest part of peritoneal cavity
Hepatorenal recess
What is ascites
When fluid builds up in peritoneal cavity
What procedure is used to drain ascitic fluid
Paracentesis
Where is the needle insertion site for paracentesis
Lateral to rectus sheath to avoid damaging inferior epigastric artery
Name A-F
A- coronary ligament
B- inferior vena cava
C- falciform ligament
D- round ligament
E- Gallbladder
F- Ligamentum venosum
Describe the drainage of blood through the liver
Receives blood from foregut, midgut, hindgut via hepatic portal vein
First pass metabolism of the blood (cleans it)
Then drains the clean blood into inferior vena cava via hepatic veins -> right atrium
Location of the gall bladder
Posterior to liver
Anterior to duodenum
Function of gall bladder
Stores the bile secreted by liver
Release bile into duodenum when needed
What triggers the release of bile
Release of cholecystokinin in response to ingesting fatty foods
Pain in gallbladder can present in
Epigastric area
Pain referral to the right shoulder if diaphragm is irritated
Blood supply to gallbladder
Cystic artery - branch of right hepatic artery in 75% of population
Name A-K
A- right hepatic artery
B- cystic artery
C- right gastric artery
D- gastroduodenal artery
E- superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
F- right gastroomental artery (gastroepiploic)
G- left gastroomental artery (gastroepiploic)
H- short gastric artery
I- splenic artery
J- left gastric artery
K- hepatic artery proper
Describe the biliary tree
Right and left hepatic ducts from each lobe of liver joints together -> common hepatic duct
Common hepatic duct joins with cystic duct -> common bile duct
Common bile duct descends and joins with pancreatic duct -> ampulla of Vater -> drain into 2nd part of duodenum
Name A-G
A- Common bile duct
B- Bile duct sphincter
C- Pancreatic duct
D- Pancreatic duct sphincter
E- Ampulla of vater
F- Major duodenal papilla
G- Sphincter of Oddi
Arterial supply to the pancreas
Branches from splenic artery
Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries are from
Superior - gastroduodenal artery
Inferior - inferior mesenteric artery
Both anastomose
Name A-F
A- gastroduodenal artery
B- superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
C- inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
D- inferior mesenteric artery
E- dorsal pancreatic arteries
F- splenic artery
