GI

Question 1

What are the 3 muscles of jaw closing

Answer 1

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid

Question 2

What is the muscle for jaw opening

Answer 2

lateral pterygoid

Question 3

Innervation fo the muscles of mastication

Answer 3

CN V3

Question 4

Name A-F

Answer 4

A- lesser curvature
B- incisa angularis
C- fundus
D- greater curvature
E- pyloric antrum
F- pyloric sphincter

Question 5

Blood supply to the stomach

Answer 5

Right and left gastric arteries
Right and left gastroomental arteries

Question 6

Right gastric artery is a branch of

Answer 6

Common hepatic trunk (branch from coeliac trunk)

Question 7

Left gastric artery is a branch of

Answer 7

Directly from coeliac trunk

Question 8

Right gastroomental artery is a branch of

Answer 8

Gastroduodenal artery (branch from coeliac trunk)

Question 9

Left gastroomental artery is a branch of

Answer 9

splenic artery (branch from coeliac trunk)

Question 10

Name A-I

Answer 10

A- left gastric artery
B- coeliac trunk
C- Hepatic artery proper
D- Right gastric artery
E- common hepatic artery
F- gastroduodenal artery
G- right gastroomental artery
H- left gastroomental artery
I- splenic artery

Question 11

Where does right and left gastric veins drain into

Answer 11

Hepatic portal vein

Question 12

Where does right snd left gastroomental arteries drain into

Answer 12

Superior mesenteric vein

Question 13

Name A-G

Answer 13

A- Superior part of duodenum
B- gall bladder
C- common bile duct
D- descending part of duodenum
E- superior mesenteric artery
F- ascending part of duodenum
G- horizontal part of duodenum

Question 14

Blood supply to the duodenum

Answer 14

Gastroduodenal artery
Pancreaticoduodenal artery

Question 15

Which part of the duodenum is intraperitoneal

Answer 15

Only the superior part

Question 16

Blood supply to jejunum and ileum

Answer 16

superior mesenteric artery via jejunal and ileal arteries

Question 17

Name A-I

Answer 17

A- right colic flexure
B- ascending colon
C- ileocaecal valve
D- Caecum
E- appendix
F- left colic flexure
G- descending colon
H- sigmoid flexure
I- sigmoid colon

Question 18

What can happen to sigmoid colon due to its high mobility

Answer 18

Risk of Sigmoid volvulus

Question 19

What is paracolic gutter

Answer 19

2 spaces between lateral edge of ascending and descending colon, and abdominal wall

Fluid / pus can accumulate there

Question 20

What are the 2 main arteries supplying the colon

Answer 20

Superior and inferior mesenteric artery

Question 21

Name A-G

Answer 21

A- superior mesenteric artery
B- Middle colic artery
C- Right colic artery
D- ileocolic artery
E- Inferior mesenteric artery
F- Left colic artery
G- sigmoid artery

Question 22

The spleen is protected by

Answer 22

Ribs 9-11

Question 23

The liver is protected by

Answer 23

Ribs 7-11

Question 24

When a patient is supine, which recess will be the lowest part of peritoneal cavity

Answer 24

Hepatorenal recess

Question 25

What is ascites

Answer 25

When fluid builds up in peritoneal cavity

Question 26

What procedure is used to drain ascitic fluid

Answer 26

Paracentesis

Question 27

Where is the needle insertion site for paracentesis

Answer 27

Lateral to rectus sheath to avoid damaging inferior epigastric artery

Question 28

Name A-F

Answer 28

A- coronary ligament
B- inferior vena cava
C- falciform ligament
D- round ligament
E- Gallbladder
F- Ligamentum venosum

Question 29

Describe the drainage of blood through the liver

Answer 29

Receives blood from foregut, midgut, hindgut via hepatic portal vein

First pass metabolism of the blood (cleans it)

Then drains the clean blood into inferior vena cava via hepatic veins -> right atrium

Question 30

Location of the gall bladder

Answer 30

Posterior to liver
Anterior to duodenum

Question 31

Function of gall bladder

Answer 31

Stores the bile secreted by liver
Release bile into duodenum when needed

Question 32

What triggers the release of bile

Answer 32

Release of cholecystokinin in response to ingesting fatty foods

Question 33

Pain in gallbladder can present in

Answer 33

Epigastric area
Pain referral to the right shoulder if diaphragm is irritated

Question 34

Blood supply to gallbladder

Answer 34

Cystic artery - branch of right hepatic artery in 75% of population

Question 35

Name A-K

Answer 35

A- right hepatic artery
B- cystic artery
C- right gastric artery
D- gastroduodenal artery
E- superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
F- right gastroomental artery (gastroepiploic)
G- left gastroomental artery (gastroepiploic)
H- short gastric artery
I- splenic artery
J- left gastric artery
K- hepatic artery proper

Question 36

Describe the biliary tree

Answer 36

Right and left hepatic ducts from each lobe of liver joints together -> common hepatic duct

Common hepatic duct joins with cystic duct -> common bile duct

Common bile duct descends and joins with pancreatic duct -> ampulla of Vater -> drain into 2nd part of duodenum

Question 37

Name A-G

Answer 37

A- Common bile duct
B- Bile duct sphincter
C- Pancreatic duct
D- Pancreatic duct sphincter
E- Ampulla of vater
F- Major duodenal papilla
G- Sphincter of Oddi

Question 38

Arterial supply to the pancreas

Answer 38

Branches from splenic artery
Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

Question 39

Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries are from

Answer 39

Superior - gastroduodenal artery
Inferior - inferior mesenteric artery

Both anastomose

Question 40

Name A-F

Answer 40

A- gastroduodenal artery
B- superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
C- inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
D- inferior mesenteric artery
E- dorsal pancreatic arteries
F- splenic artery