Lower limb Flashcards
What are the superficial gluteal muscles
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata
Function of gluteus Maximus
Main extensor of the hip
Function of gluteus medius
Abduct the thigh
Medially rotate the thigh at hip
Function of gluteus minimus
Abduct the thigh
Medially rotate the thigh
Name A-E
A- Gluteus medius
B- Iliac crest
C- Gluteus maximus
D- Gluteus minimus
E- Obturator internus
Innervation of gluteus Maximus
Inferior gluteal nerve L5-S2
Innervation of gluteus medius
Superior gluteal nerve L4-S1
Innervation of gluteus minimus
Superior gluteal nerve L4-S1
What are the deep gluteal muscles
Piriformis
Superior and inferior gemelli
Obturator internus
Quadratus femoris
Function of piriformis
Abduction of the thigh
Lateral rotation of the thigh
Function of piriformis
Abduction of the thigh
Lateral rotation of the thigh
Function of superior and inferior gemelli
Abduction of the thigh
Lateral rotation of the thigh
Function of obturator internus
Abduction of the thigh
lateral rotation of the thigh
Function of quadratus femoris
Lateral rotation of the thigh
Innervation of piriformis muscle
Anterior rami of S1 S2 (nerve to piriformis
Innervation of superior and inferior gemelli
Superior - nerve to obturator internus L5-S2
Inferior - nerve to quadratus femoris L4-S1
Innervation of quadratus femoris
Nerve to quadratus femoris L4-S1
Innervation of obturator internus
Nerve to obturator internus L5-S2
Name A-K
A- gluteus maximus
B- Piriformis
C- Superior gemelli
D- Obturator internus
E- Inferior gemelli
F- Ischial tuberosity
G- gluteus medius
H- Gluteus minimus
I- Tensor fascia lata
J- quadratus femoris
K- iliotibial band
Where do the gluteal muscles attach to
Greater trochanter of femur
How do nerves enter and exit the pelvis and perineum
Through greater and lesser sciatic foramen
What structures form the greater and lesser sciatic foramen
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament
Name A-E
A- greater sciatic foramen
B- sacrospinous ligament
C- Lesser sciatic foramen
D- sacrotuberous ligament
E- obturator foramen
Greater sciatic foramen allows
Nerves to exit/enter the pelvis
Lesser sciatic foramen allows
Nerves to exit/enter the perineum
The greater sciatic foramen is further divided into 2 parts by
Piriformis muscle - divides into suprapiriform and infrapiriform parts
What nerves passes through the greater sciatic foramen
Sciatic nerve L4-S3
Pudendal nerve S2-S4
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh S1-S3
Inferior gluteal nerve
Nerve to obturator internus
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Nerve roots of pudendal nerve
S2-S4
Innervation of pudendal nerve
motor:
- external urethral sphincter
- external anal sphincter
Sensory:
- perineum
- external genitalia
- external skin around anus
Nerve roots of posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
S1-S3
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh innervation
Sensory - posterior thigh
Describe the anatomical course of sciatic nerve
Enters the thigh via greater sciatic foramen
Inferior to piriformis
Splits into tibial and common fibular nerves at distal 1/3 of thigh
What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of thigh
Sartorius
Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Quadriceps femoris - rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
Where does psoas major originate from
T12-L4
Where does iliopsoas muscle attach to
Lesser trochanter of femur
Where does quadriceps femoris origin from
ASIS
Where does quadriceps femoris attach to
Quadricep tendon -> patella -> patellar tendon -> tibial tuberosity
Name A-J
A- Iliacus
B- tensor fascia lata
C- Rectus femoris
D- Vastus lateralis
E- Psoas major
F- Pectineus
G- Sartorius
H- Vastus medialis
I- Quadricep tendon
J- Patellar tendon
Function of sartorius
Flexion of thigh
Lateral rotation of thigh
Function of iliopsoas
Flexion of thigh
Function of pectineus
Flexion of thigh
Function of quadriceps femoris
Extension of leg
Innervation of the iliopsoas
Iliacus - femoral nerve L2-L4
Psoas major - anterior rami of L1-L3
Innervation of quadriceps femoris
Femoral nerve L2-L4
Innervation of sartorius
Femoral nerve L2-L4
Innervation of pectineus
Femoral nerve L2-L4
What structures form the extensor mechanism of leg
Quadriceps femoris muscle
Quadricep tendon
Patella
Patellar tendon
What are the borders of femoral triangle
Superior- inguinal ligament
Medially- Adductor longus
Laterally- Sartorius
Floor- iliopsoas and pectineus
Roof- deep fascia